Borreliella burgdorferi is one of the pathogens of the Borreliella burgdorferi sensu lato complex causing Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Clinical presentation of Lyme disease is known for the characteristic bull's-eye rash (also known as erythema migrans) but can also include myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, arthritis, arthralgia, meningitis, neuropathies, and facial nerve palsy depending on the stage of infection.

Outer surface protein B (OspB) is one of the major proteins in the outer membrane of this B. burgdorferi. OspB was found to be critical for B. burgdorferi adherence and survival within Ixodes ticks.

Borreliella burgdorferi is one of the pathogens of the Borreliella burgdorferi sensu lato complex causing Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Clinical presentation of Lyme disease is known for the characteristic bull's-eye rash (also known as erythema migrans) but can also include myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, arthritis, arthralgia, meningitis, neuropathies, and facial nerve palsy depending on the stage of infection.

B. burgdorferi p66 is an outer membrane spanning protein Oms66. It is proven to be an integral membrane porin because liposome-reconstituted P66 displayed channel-forming activity in planar lipid bilayer assays. P66 has also been shown to function as an adhesin that binds the mammalian cell receptors, B3 chain and B1 chain integrins.

Borreliella burgdorferi is one of the pathogens of the Borreliella burgdorferi sensu lato complex causing Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Clinical presentation of Lyme disease is known for the characteristic bull's-eye rash (also known as erythema migrans) but can also include myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, arthritis, arthralgia, meningitis, neuropathies, and facial nerve palsy depending on the stage of infection.

B. burgdorferi p66 is an outer membrane spanning protein Oms66. It is proven to be an integral membrane porin because liposome-reconstituted P66 displayed channel-forming activity in planar lipid bilayer assays. P66 has also been shown to function as an adhesin that binds the mammalian cell receptors, B3 chain and B1 chain integrins.

The Borrelia burgdorferi p83-93 IgG marker detects the presence of IgG antibodies against a specific protein (p83-93) found in Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. This protein is associated with the late stages of Lyme disease and is considered highly specific to Borrelia.

What does p83-93 mean?

The numbers “p83-93” refer to a protein with a molecular weight of 83 to 93 kilodaltons, which is strongly immunogenic. It is typically expressed during later phases of infection, and the body produces IgG antibodies in response.

Why is this marker important?

A positive p83-93 IgG result may indicate a long-standing or late-stage infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. IgG antibodies generally take weeks to develop, so this marker is not used to detect early infection but rather to assess chronic or past exposure.

The Borrelia burgdorferi p83-93 (IgM) marker tests for IgM antibodies against the p83-93 protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium responsible for Lyme disease. IgM antibodies typically appear early in an infection and signal an active or recent immune response.

What does p83-93 mean?

The p83-93 protein is a high molecular weight antigen (83 to 93 kilodaltons) found on Borrelia burgdorferi. It is most often associated with late-stage Lyme disease, although detection of IgM against this protein can occasionally appear in early stages if the immune response is robust.

Borreliella burgdorferi is one of the pathogens of the Borreliella burgdorferi sensu lato complex causing Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Clinical presentation of Lyme disease is known for the characteristic bull's-eye rash (also known as erythema migrans) but can also include myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, arthritis, arthralgia, meningitis, neuropathies, and facial nerve palsy depending on the stage of infection.

What is Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE1 – IgM?

The VlsE1 – IgM marker detects early immune system activity against Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. VlsE1 (Variable major protein-like sequence Expressed 1) is a highly specific surface protein used by the bacterium to evade the immune system through antigenic variation. Because of this, VlsE1 is a key target in serological testing for Lyme disease.

IgM antibodies are typically the first type of antibody produced by the immune system in response to an infection. Therefore, a positive or elevated IgM result for Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE1 may indicate recent or current infection.

A medium result for Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE1 – IgM indicates a moderate level of IgM antibodies targeting the VlsE1 protein of the Lyme disease bacterium. This suggests that the immune system has recently encountered the pathogen and is mounting a response, but the antibody levels are not high enough to be considered strongly positive. A medium IgM result may reflect an early or evolving immune response, a past exposure with lingering antibodies, or potentially nonspecific reactivity. On its own, this result does not confirm active Lyme disease and should be interpreted alongside symptoms, exposure history, and other diagnostic markers such as IgG or PCR.

What is Borrelia garinii OspC – IgG?

Borrelia garinii is one of several Borrelia species that can cause Lyme borreliosis, primarily found in Europe and parts of Asia. It is closely related to Borrelia burgdorferi, the main species responsible for Lyme disease in North America. B. garinii is especially associated with neurological symptoms, such as meningitis or nerve pain.

The OspC (Outer surface protein C) is a major surface protein expressed by Borrelia during the early stages of infection, and it plays a key role in the immune system's recognition of the bacterium. The IgG antibody test for Borrelia garinii OspC measures your body’s longer-term immune response to this specific protein, indicating prior exposure or ongoing immune activity.

What Does a Medium Result Mean?

A medium result for Borrelia garinii OspC – IgG* indicates a moderate level of long-term antibodies. This can reflect:

• Past infection with partial immune clearance

• Low-grade or waning immune response

• A nonspecific immune signal that may need further testing to confirm clinical significance

Medium results are considered indeterminate or equivocal and should be evaluated in the broader context of symptoms, exposure history, and other lab markers such as IgM antibodies or PCR.

What is Borrelia hermsii – IgG?

Borrelia hermsii is a bacterial species that causes tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), a disease characterized by recurring episodes of fever and other flu-like symptoms. It is transmitted to humans by soft-bodied ticks of the Ornithodoros genus, which typically feed quickly and are often found in rodent-infested cabins, campsites, or rustic buildings in the western United States and parts of Canada.

The IgG antibody test for Borrelia hermsii measures your body's longer-term immune response to this pathogen. IgG antibodies typically appear weeks after infection and can remain in the bloodstream for months or years after exposure.

What Does a Medium Result Mean?

A medium IgG result for Borrelia hermsii indicates a moderate level of antibodies, which may reflect:

• Previous exposure to the bacterium

• An early IgG response in the transition from active to resolved infection

• A nonspecific or borderline immune signal, particularly if no symptoms are present

Medium results should be interpreted in the context of your symptoms, risk factors, and other test results, such as IgM antibodies or PCR testing.

What is Borrelia maritima – IgG?

Borrelia maritima is a lesser-known species within the Borrelia genus—a group of bacteria that includes species responsible for Lyme disease and relapsing fever. B. maritima has been identified in ticks and marine or coastal wildlife, but it is not currently recognized as a confirmed cause of human illness. Its presence on testing panels is typically used to explore environmental exposure to Borrelia species or potential cross-reactivity with more well-studied pathogens, such as Borrelia burgdorferi.

The IgG antibody test for Borrelia maritima detects long-term antibodies that the immune system produces weeks after exposure to the bacterium. IgG antibodies can remain in the blood for months or even years, indicating prior immune system recognition of the organism.

What Does a Medium Result Mean?

A medium IgG result indicates a moderate antibody level, which may reflect:

• Recent or remote past exposure to B. maritima or a related species

• A low-grade or nonspecific immune response

• A borderline result that may not be clinically significant unless accompanied by symptoms or other positive markers