Escherichia coli

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Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of bacteria that normally resides in the intestines of both healthy humans and animals. It is a member of the gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms that plays a vital role in digestive and metabolic processes. While E. coli is often associated with foodborne illnesses and infections, it's important to note that the majority of E. coli strains in the gut are non-pathogenic and contribute to various essential functions.

E. coli in the gut serves several purposes:

→  Nutrient Processing: Some strains of E. coli help digest and process nutrients, contributing to the overall digestive health of the host.

→  Competitive Exclusion: Non-pathogenic E. coli strains can outcompete harmful bacteria, thereby preventing infections and maintaining gut balance.

→  Vitamin Synthesis: Certain E. coli strains are capable of synthesizing vitamins such as vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting.

→  Immune System Stimulation: They can stimulate the immune system, helping to maintain a robust defense against infections.

It's important to distinguish between harmless gut E. coli and pathogenic strains that can cause diseases such as food poisoning and urinary tract infections. When E. coli from the gut enters other parts of the body or is consumed through contaminated food or water, it can lead to various health issues.

Understanding the role of E. coli in the gut is crucial for maintaining digestive health and preventing infections.

Testing for Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the gut is essential for several reasons:

→ Monitoring Gut Health: E. coli is a common bacterium residing in the human gut, comprising a significant portion of the intestinal microbiome in most individuals. Testing helps monitor the balance of E. coli and other gut bacteria, which is crucial for overall gut health and digestion.

→ Identifying Pathogenic Strains: While many E. coli strains are harmless and even beneficial, some can be pathogenic and cause illnesses. Testing can help distinguish between harmless and harmful strains, allowing for early detection and treatment of potentially dangerous infections.

→ Diagnosing Gastrointestinal Infections: E. coli infections can lead to symptoms like diarrhea, stomach pain, and more severe complications. Testing for E. coli in the gut is essential when investigating gastrointestinal infections, as it can be a potential causative agent and guide appropriate treatment.

→ Preventing Foodborne Illnesses: E. coli is often associated with foodborne illnesses, and testing food products for E. coli contamination is critical for public health. Detecting E. coli in food sources helps prevent outbreaks and ensures food safety.

References:

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4510460/

- http://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/ecoli/index.html

- https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/general/index.htm

- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/e-coli/basics/definition/con-20032105

What does it mean if your Escherichia coli result is too high?

Has been associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and diarrhea predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. It has also been reported in greater abundance with weight-loss after Gastric Bypass.

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What does it mean if your Escherichia coli result is too low?

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a minority member of the gut microbiome, but a very important one. E. coli bacteria normally live in the intestines of healthy people and stimulates the intestinal immune system. Ample amounts of Escherichia coli habve been associated with a balanced gut flora. Many of us host a population of E. coli in our gut that aids digestion and protects us from other harmful microbes. E. coli ferments to produce folic acid, vitamin K2 (this protects against osteoporosis), Co-enzyme Q10 (essential for mitochondrial function), together with 3 amino acids, namely tyrosine and phenylalanine (these are pre-cursors of dopamine, lack of which results in low mood) and tryptophan. Tryptophan is a pre-cursor of serotonin, which is responsible for gut motility. If there are low counts of E-coli, one can expect problems in all the above areas, i.e. osteoporosis and bone problems, mitochondrial function, low mood and poor gut motility.

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