Reference range:
What is Mycoplasma hominis?
Mycoplasma hominis is a type of bacteria that naturally lives in the urogenital tract of some healthy people. It’s part of the Mycoplasma family, which are unique bacteria that lack a cell wall—making them harder to detect and treat with standard antibiotics like penicillin.
In many individuals, Mycoplasma hominis is harmless. But in others, especially when it grows out of balance or spreads, it can contribute to urogenital infections, reproductive health issues, and even complications in pregnancy.
Why is this test ordered?
The Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma hominis test is usually ordered when someone is experiencing:
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Vaginal or urethral discharge
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Burning or pain during urination
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Pelvic pain
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Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
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Infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss
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Signs of prostatitis in men
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Suspected infection after delivery or gynecologic procedures
It’s also used in fertility assessments and in cases of inflammation without a clear cause.
What does a positive Mycoplasma hominis result mean?
A positive result means that Mycoplasma hominis DNA or culture was detected in your urogenital sample (urine, vaginal swab, semen, or urethral swab). This may indicate:
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Active infection or overgrowth, especially if symptoms are present
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Asymptomatic colonization, which may not require treatment in some cases
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Potential reproductive complications if found in higher amounts or in pregnancy
It’s important to interpret the result in context with symptoms, other infections (like Ureaplasma or STIs), and patient history.
What are the possible complications?
In some people, especially those who are pregnant or immunocompromised, Mycoplasma hominis may be linked to:
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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Chorioamnionitis (infection of the fetal membranes)
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Preterm labor or miscarriage
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Infertility or embryo implantation failure
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Postpartum or post-surgical infections
In men, it may contribute to prostatitis or urethritis, although less commonly than in women.
What to do next if your result is positive
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Talk to your healthcare provider
Treatment decisions depend on your symptoms and health status. If you’re asymptomatic, your doctor may choose to monitor rather than treat. -
Consider antibiotics if indicated
Mycoplasma hominis is resistant to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. If treatment is needed, your provider may prescribe tetracyclines, macrolides, or fluoroquinolones depending on the situation. -
Partner testing may be recommended
In some cases—especially with recurrent infections or fertility issues—sexual partners may also need to be tested or treated. -
Retesting after treatment
A follow-up test may be recommended to confirm that the infection has cleared, especially if symptoms persist or you're trying to conceive.
Bottom Line
Mycoplasma hominis is a bacteria that can live in the urogenital tract without causing problems—but in some people, especially those with symptoms or pregnancy concerns, it can contribute to infections and complications. A positive result doesn’t always mean you need antibiotics, but it should be discussed with your provider to determine the best next step for your health and fertility.
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