Progesterone is a vital hormone involved in reproductive health, menstrual cycle regulation, and overall hormonal balance. It is primarily produced by the ovaries after ovulation and plays a key role in preparing the uterus for a potential pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels fall, triggering the onset of menstruation.
Throughout the menstrual cycle, progesterone levels fluctuate:
After ovulation, progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase, helping to thicken the uterine lining for possible embryo implantation.
If pregnancy does not occur, levels decline, prompting the start of the next cycle.
In pregnancy, progesterone is essential for maintaining a healthy uterine environment. Initially produced by the ovaries, the placenta takes over progesterone production in early pregnancy. Levels rise significantly, especially in multiple pregnancies (e.g., twins or triplets), to support fetal development and prevent uterine contractions.
Progesterone works in tandem with estrogen to regulate many bodily functions. An imbalance between these two hormones can contribute to a range of health concerns, including:
Infertility
Uterine fibroids
Ovarian cysts
Bone density loss
Hormone-related cancers, including those involving the adrenal glands
Maintaining balanced progesterone levels supports overall well-being in both reproductive and post-reproductive stages. Key benefits include:
Supporting normal blood sugar regulation
Promoting bone growth and mineral density
Enhancing sleep quality
Reducing anxiety and mood fluctuations
Progesterone levels vary based on:
Menstrual cycle phase
Pregnancy trimester
Age
Sex
Individual hormone balance
Below are standard reference ranges. These can vary slightly depending on the laboratory or testing method.
Progesterone levels vary significantly depending on menstrual phase, pregnancy stage, and menopausal status. Below are the standard Labcorp reference ranges:
| Group / Phase | Progesterone Range (ng/mL) |
|---|---|
| Follicular Phase | 0.1 – 0.9 |
| Ovulation Phase | 0.1 – 12.0 |
| Luteal Phase | 1.8 – 23.9 |
| Postmenopausal | 0.0 – 0.1 |
| Pregnancy – 1st Trimester | 11.0 – 44.3 |
| Pregnancy – 2nd Trimester | 25.4 – 83.3 |
| Pregnancy – 3rd Trimester | 58.7 – 214.0 |
Progesterone is a key hormone in women’s health, involved in regulating the menstrual cycle, supporting pregnancy, and maintaining hormonal balance. In postmenopausal women, progesterone levels naturally decline and typically fall within a very low range. When levels are elevated—either moderately or slightly—this may suggest hormone supplementation, an underlying health condition, or simple biological variation.
In postmenopausal women, progesterone levels are generally low or even undetectable. However, slightly elevated values—just above the expected range—are not uncommon and are often benign, especially when:
The individual is using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or progesterone-containing supplements
There is no accompanying symptomatology
The elevation is isolated and not progressively increasing
That said, persistent or unexplained elevations should be interpreted in context, and further evaluation may be warranted if symptoms or risk factors for ovarian or adrenal conditions are present.
While slight elevations are usually due to non-serious factors, higher-than-expected levels of progesterone can also be associated with:
Pregnancy – Particularly in the first trimester or multiple pregnancies
Hormonal medications – Including oral contraceptives or bioidentical hormone therapy
Ovarian or adrenal disorders – Such as hormone-secreting tumors or cysts
Molar pregnancy – A rare complication of pregnancy that causes abnormal hormone levels
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia – A genetic disorder affecting adrenal hormone production
Progesterone supplementation – Often used during fertility treatments or menopause
Symptoms of high progesterone levels may include:
Changes in menstrual patterns (in premenopausal women)
Mood disturbances – Anxiety, irritability, or depression
Physical discomfort, such as:
Fatigue or lethargy
Bloating and weight fluctuations
Headaches or migraines
Breast tenderness or swelling
The appropriate course of action depends on the cause and severity of the elevation:
Adjusting hormone therapy, if supplements are contributing
Lifestyle changes, including balanced nutrition and regular physical activity
Medical therapy, guided by a healthcare provider
Addressing root causes, such as adrenal or ovarian conditions
Ongoing monitoring, especially for individuals on HRT or undergoing fertility treatment
Progesterone levels can rise due to exogenous supplementation, such as:
Menopausal hormone therapy
Fertility medications
Over-the-counter creams or compounded bioidentical hormones
It is important to follow medical guidance on dosing and monitor levels regularly to avoid hormonal imbalances or unintended side effects.
Elevated progesterone levels—whether mild or significant—should be interpreted within the broader context of age, menopausal status, symptoms, and treatment history. For postmenopausal women, slightly elevated values are often linked to hormone therapy or lab variability. Still, any unexpected result should prompt a discussion with a healthcare provider to determine whether further evaluation is needed.
Low progesterone levels can occur for a variety of reasons, depending on age, sex, and reproductive status:
In women of reproductive age, low progesterone may result from:
Ovulation problems (e.g., anovulation)
Hormonal imbalances, such as hypogonadism
Early pregnancy loss or miscarriage
In postmenopausal women, low progesterone is usually normal and expected, as ovarian hormone production declines significantly after menopause.
Men, children, and postmenopausal women naturally have much lower progesterone levels compared to women in their childbearing years. What is considered “normal” depends on several factors:
Age
Biological sex
Menstrual cycle phase
Pregnancy status
In menstruating women, progesterone levels vary across the menstrual cycle and even within the same day. They typically peak about seven days before menstruation, during the luteal phase, and drop off if pregnancy does not occur.
| Group / Phase | Range (ng/mL) |
|---|---|
| Follicular Phase | 0.1 – 0.9 |
| Ovulation Phase | 0.1 – 12.0 |
| Luteal Phase | 1.8 – 23.9 |
| Postmenopausal | 0.0 – 0.1 |
| Pregnancy – 1st Trimester | 11.0 – 44.3 |
| Pregnancy – 2nd Trimester | 25.4 – 83.3 |
| Pregnancy – 3rd Trimester | 58.7 – 214.0 |
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With a Healthmatters account, you can dive into the details of each biomarker and gain insights into the meaning behind your medical test data, anytime, anywhere.
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17-Hydroxypregnenolone, MS (female), 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (female), 17-OH Progesterone, 5 Alhpa-Dihydrotestosterone (male), ACTH, Plasma, ADH, Aldos/Renin Ratio, Aldosterone, Aldosterone/Plasma Renin Activity Ratio, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), b-hCG (BHCG), C-Telopeptide, Serum, Calcitonin, Serum, Cortisol - ACTH (Cortrosyn) Stimulation Test, Cortisol - AM (Serum), Cortisol – saliva, Cortisol, Free, Cortisol, Serum, Cortisol-Binding Globulin (CBG), Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S), Dexamethasone, DHEA - Saliva, DHEA, Unconjugated, DHEA-S : Cortisol Ratio, DHT, Free, DHT, Percent Free Dialysis, Estradiol, Estradiol (male), Estradiol - Saliva, Estradiol, Free (Male), Estradiol, Ultrasensitive, LC/MS, Estradiol, ultrasensitive, LC/MS (Male), Estriol, Serum, Estrogens, Total (female), Estrogens, Total (male), Estrone Sulfate, Estrone, Serum (Female), Estrone, Serum (Male), Free Cortisol, Serum, Free Estradiol, Percent, Free Estradiol, Serum, Free Testosterone - Saliva, Glucagon, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), Growth Hormone, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Total, IA-2 Autoantibodies, IGF Binding Protein 1 (IGFBP 1), IGF Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP 3), IGF-BP3, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone, Human (hLH), Percent Free Cortisol, Serum, Pregnenolone (male), Progesterone (male), Progesterone (Serum), Prolactin, Renin Activity, Plasma, Total Testosterone (Female/ng/mL), Z SCORE (FEMALE), Z SCORE (MALE)
