Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP-3) is an important protein in our body that helps manage growth and development. It mainly works by controlling the activity of growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II, which are crucial for cell growth. IGFBP-3 is mostly produced in the liver and travels in the blood, often attached to these growth factors.

Apart from regulating growth factors, IGFBP-3 also has its own roles. It can influence cell growth, the process of cells dying (apoptosis), and cell transformation (differentiation). These functions make it important not just in normal body processes like growth and aging, but also in diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

IGFBP-3 is a multifunctional protein integral to regulating various physiological processes from growth to cancer progression and metabolic health. Its potential as a biomarker underscores its importance in ongoing research aimed at developing new treatments for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and age-related disorders.

The IgG Borrelia afzelii test measures antibodies against Borrelia afzelii, one of the main bacterial species that cause Lyme disease in Europe and Asia. Unlike Borrelia burgdorferi (more common in North America), B. afzelii is especially associated with chronic skin forms of Lyme disease, such as acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA).

The IgG Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) test measures antibodies against the primary species of Borrelia that causes Lyme disease in North America and parts of Europe. This species is strongly linked to arthritis, neurological symptoms, and late-stage Lyme manifestations.

The IgG Borrelia burgdorferi Antigen (Ag) test measures long-term antibodies against antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi, the main bacterium responsible for Lyme disease, particularly in North America. Unlike species-specific tests that focus on one strain, antigen-based assays detect immune responses to a broader range of Borrelia proteins, offering insight into both past exposure and potential later-stage infection.

The IgG Borrelia garinii test detects antibodies against Borrelia garinii, one of the main bacterial species in the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex that causes Lyme disease, particularly in Europe and Asia. This strain is strongly linked with neurological forms of Lyme disease (neuroborreliosis), including meningitis, radiculitis, and cranial nerve involvement.

The IgG Borrelia miyamotoi test detects antibodies against Borrelia miyamotoi, a tick-borne bacterium closely related to Lyme disease pathogens but classified as a relapsing fever Borrelia species. Unlike Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (which causes classical Lyme disease), B. miyamotoi is associated with hard-tick relapsing fever (HTRF) and can cause recurring fever episodes, flu-like symptoms, and in some cases, neurological complications.

The IgG Babesia test measures antibodies against Babesia species, a group of parasites transmitted by ticks that can cause babesiosis, a malaria-like illness. Babesia microti is the most common species in North America, while Babesia divergens and others are more frequently found in Europe and Asia.

What IgG Babesia Means

• IgG antibodies typically develop several weeks after infection and may remain detectable for months or years, even after treatment.

• A positive IgG result usually indicates past exposure or immune memory, not necessarily an active infection.

• IgM antibodies are more reflective of recent or acute babesiosis, while IgG testing provides a view of longer-term immune response.

The IgG Bartonella test measures antibodies against Bartonella species, a group of bacteria transmitted by ticks, fleas, or scratches from infected animals (especially cats). Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana are the most common human pathogens. Infection can lead to cat scratch disease, trench fever, or tick-borne bartonellosis, which may cause persistent systemic or neurological symptoms.

The IgG Ehrlichia test measures antibodies against Ehrlichia species, bacteria transmitted by ticks that cause ehrlichiosis, a potentially serious tick-borne illness. The two main human pathogens are Ehrlichia chaffeensis (human monocytic ehrlichiosis, HME) and Ehrlichia ewingii. Infections can lead to fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, and sometimes severe complications if untreated.

The IgG Immunodominant Peptide C6 (P. C6) test detects antibodies against a highly conserved region of the VlsE protein from Borrelia burgdorferi, the main bacterium that causes Lyme disease. The C6 peptide is considered an immunodominant epitope—a portion of the protein that triggers a strong and reliable immune response across different strains of Borrelia.

The IgG LFA Antigen + CK10 test evaluates long-term antibody responses to both Borrelia antigens (using a lateral flow assay, or LFA) and Cytokeratin 10 (CK10), a structural protein found in epithelial tissues such as the skin. This combined test helps clinicians explore the connection between infection-driven immune responses and autoimmune reactivity.

The IgG Outer Surface Proteins A and C (OspA & OspC) test is a blood test that measures your immune system’s production of IgG antibodies against specific proteins on the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease.

Outer Surface Proteins (Osp) are molecules the bacteria use to survive and infect humans:

• OspA helps the bacteria persist in ticks.

• OspC plays a key role in establishing infection in people.

When your immune system encounters Borrelia burgdorferi, it may produce IgG antibodies targeting these proteins. Detecting these antibodies can help provide clues about whether your body has mounted a response to Lyme disease.

The IgG OspE test measures antibodies against Outer Surface Protein E (OspE) of Borrelia burgdorferi, one of the proteins that help the bacterium evade the immune system and persist in the body. OspE belongs to the Erp (OspE-related proteins) family, which plays a key role in protecting Borrelia from complement-mediated killing by binding to host factor H.

The IgG VmpE test measures antibodies against Variable Major Protein E (VmpE), a surface protein produced by Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. VmpE belongs to a family of variable major proteins (Vmps) that the bacteria can change through a process called antigenic variation. This ability allows Borrelia to evade immune detection and sometimes persist in the body.

IgG (Immunoglobulin G) is a vital part of your immune defense system. Abnormal levels—either too high or too low—can be a sign of chronic infection, autoimmune activity, immune deficiency, or other systemic conditions. Whether you're experiencing frequent infections or unexplained inflammation, this test offers critical insight into how your immune system is functioning and what steps may be needed next.

IgG, Quant, CSF stands for Immunoglobulin G, Quantitative, Cerebrospinal Fluid. This test measures the concentration of IgG, a type of antibody, in your cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—the clear fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord.

What is IgG?

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody in the body. It plays a critical role in immune defense by identifying and neutralizing viruses, bacteria, and other foreign substances. IgG is normally found in the blood but can also be present in small amounts in the CSF.

IgG is a combination of four slightly different types of IgG called IgG subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. When one or more of these subclasses is persistently low and total IgG is normal, a subclass deficiency is present.

IgG is a combination of four slightly different types of IgG called IgG subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. When one or more of these subclasses is persistently low and total IgG is normal, a subclass deficiency is present.

IgG is a combination of four slightly different types of IgG called IgG subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. When one or more of these subclasses is persistently low and total IgG is normal, a subclass deficiency is present.