Capric acid (also known as Decanoic acid) is a medium-chain fatty acid (=MCFA) abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil, whereas small amounts are present in milk of goat, cow, and human. The MCFAs are virtually nonexistent in meats because animals oxidize them very rapidly from plants consumed, and do not accumulate in the tissues.

The CAR Decline Response is a significant indicator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functionality and reflects the body's response to stress. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including metabolism regulation, immune response modulation, and stress response. Upon waking, cortisol levels typically surge, peaking within the first 30 to 45 minutes, and then gradually decline throughout the day, following a diurnal rhythm. This initial spike, or the CAR, is thought to be associated with the anticipation of the upcoming day's challenges and is influenced by various factors such as sleep quality, psychosocial stressors, and underlying health conditions.

The "CAR (Cortisol Awakening Response) Rise Response" is a physiological phenomenon observed in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reflecting the body's reaction to stress and its regulatory mechanisms of stress hormones, primarily cortisol.

Upon awakening, a marked increase in cortisol levels is typically observed, peaking within the first 30 to 45 minutes after waking. This response is thought to be an adaptive mechanism that prepares the body for the anticipated demands of the day, enhancing alertness and mobilizing energy resources. The magnitude and pattern of the CAR can be influenced by various factors, including sleep quality, psychosocial stressors, and underlying health conditions. Scientific studies have utilized the CAR as a biomarker for assessing HPA axis function and its dysregulation in stress-related disorders, such as chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Simple sugars are absorbed in the small intestine and should not be appreciably present in the colon because they are a primary energy source for pathogenic or dysbiotic bacteria and yeast.

What is Carbon Dioxide?

Your body produces Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas as a byproduct. It's carried by the bloodstream to your lungs, primarily in a bicarbonate (HCO3) form, and then exhaled out while breathing. In a healthy individual, the presence of CO2 in the blood stays within a normal range and doesn’t present any problems.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important buffer systems in maintaining normal blood and body fluid acid-base balance (pH). Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is an electrolyte, a negatively charged ion used by the body to help maintain the acid-base balance in the body. It also works with other electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride) to maintain electrical neutrality at the cellular level.

In the body (as mentioned above), most of the CO2 is in the form of a substance called bicarbonate (HCO3-). Therefore, the CO2 blood test is really a measure of your blood bicarbonate level.

Determine the extent of carbon monoxide poisoning, toxicity; check on the effect of smoking on the patient; work up headache, irritability, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, dyspnea, collapse, coma, convulsions; work up persons exposed to fires and smoke inhalation.

Carbon monoxide levels are of limited value in testing for smoking, since it is cleared rapidly. The half-life of carboxyhemoglobin in individuals with normal cardiopulmonary function is one to two hours. Urinary cotinine, if available, is preferable as a test for tobacco use. Arterial blood gases may be of limited value in treatment decisions for carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carboxyhemoglobin is useful in judging the extent of carbon monoxide toxicity and in considering the effect of smoking on the patient. A direct correlation has been claimed between CO level and symptoms of atherosclerotic diseases, intermittent claudication, angina, and myocardial infarction. Exposure may occur not only from smoking but also from garage exposure, and from various motors.

The novel antibodies salivary gland protein 1 (SP-1), carbonic anhydrase 6 (CA VI) and parotid secretory protein (PSP) have shown to be present in animal models for Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and patients with the disease. The antibodies SP-1, CA VI and PSP occurred earlier in the course of the disease than antibodies to Ro or La.

The novel antibodies salivary gland protein 1 (SP-1), carbonic anhydrase 6 (CA VI) and parotid secretory protein (PSP) have shown to be present in animal models for Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and patients with the disease. The antibodies SP-1, CA VI and PSP occurred earlier in the course of the disease than antibodies to Ro or La.

The novel antibodies salivary gland protein 1 (SP-1), carbonic anhydrase 6 (CA VI) and parotid secretory protein (PSP) have shown to be present in animal models for Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and patients with the disease. The antibodies SP-1, CA VI and PSP occurred earlier in the course of the disease than antibodies to Ro or La.

Carboxycitric is a metabolite of yeast/fungi and general indicator of gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Elevated yeast/fungal metabolites indicate overgrowth in the GI tract.

Carboxycitric is a metabolite of yeast/fungi and general indicator of gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Elevated yeast/fungal metabolites indicate overgrowth in the GI tract.

Carboxycitric acid, an analogue of the Krebs/citric acid cycle, serves as a marker for intestinal microbial overgrowth, particularly involving yeast and fungi. As a byproduct of the Krebs cycle, elevated levels may also point to energy metabolism disorders. Research has shown that children with autism tend to have lower levels of 3-oxoglutaric acid, which is thought to result from increased uptake of these compounds across the blood-brain barrier. Urinary levels of carboxycitric acid have been observed to decrease following nystatin therapy. To identify the root cause, consider testing with a Gut Zoomer, fungal antibodies, or a mycotoxin panel. Implementing multi-strain probiotics and comprehensive gastrointestinal support can help improve this condition.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein, which is present in normal mucosal cells but increased amounts are associated with adenocarcinoma, especially colorectal cancer. CEA therefore has a role as a tumour marker. Sensitivity and specificity are low, however, so it is of more use for monitoring than for screening or diagnosis.

Nonsmokers: <3.9 ng/mL

Smokers: <5.6 ng/mL

- Anticardiolipins are antibodies produced by the immune system against the platelet membrane phospholipids responsible for the coagulation of blood clots. 

- Anticardiolipin antibodies are often responsible (with lupus anticoagulants and beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies) for the abnormal formation of clots in veins (phlebitis) and arteries (arterial thrombosis). 

- They are involved in antiphospholipid syndrome, which occurs, for example, through repeated miscarriages during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. 

There are three types of anticardiolipin antibodies: IgG, IgA and IgM.

- Anticardiolipins are antibodies produced by the immune system against the platelet membrane phospholipids responsible for the coagulation of blood clots. 

- Anticardiolipin antibodies are often responsible (with lupus anticoagulants and beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies) for the abnormal formation of clots in veins (phlebitis) and arteries (arterial thrombosis). 

- They are involved in antiphospholipid syndrome, which occurs, for example, through repeated miscarriages during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. 

There are three types of anticardiolipin antibodies: IgG, IgA and IgM.

- Anticardiolipins are antibodies produced by the immune system against the platelet membrane phospholipids responsible for the coagulation of blood clots. 

- Anticardiolipin antibodies are often responsible (with lupus anticoagulants and beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies) for the abnormal formation of clots in veins (phlebitis) and arteries (arterial thrombosis). 

- They are involved in antiphospholipid syndrome, which occurs, for example, through repeated miscarriages during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. 

There are three types of anticardiolipin antibodies: IgG, IgA and IgM.