Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of bacteria that normally live in the intestines of people and animals.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of bacteria that normally live in the intestines of people and animals.

Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is a diverse group of bacteria that typically live in the intestines of humans and animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless and play an important role in maintaining a healthy gut microbiome. However, some pathogenic strains can cause serious infections, particularly in the urinary tract, gastrointestinal system, and bloodstream. These pathogenic strains can be acquired through contaminated food or water and may result in symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and, in severe cases, kidney failure.

Escherichia coli Nissle is a Gram-negative strain with many prominent probiotic properties in the treatment of intestinal diseases such as diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in particular ulcerative colitis.

Escherichia coli Nissle not only exhibits antagonistic effects on a variety of intestinal pathogenic bacteria, but also regulates the secretion of immune factors in vivo and enhances the ability of host immunity.

E. coli O157 is a member of the pathogenic enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains (also known as verocytotoxin producing or Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC)), and is an uncommon but serious cause of gastroenteritis. Infection with E. coli O157 often causes hemorrhagic colitis which involves severe abdominal cramps with watery non-hemorrhagic diarrhea which can become grossly bloody after two or three days. 

Enterococcus species, commonly detected in gastrointestinal (GI) tests, represent a significant group of bacteria naturally inhabiting the human gut. These species, particularly Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, are noteworthy for their dual nature: while being normal constituents of the intestinal microbiota, they can also act as opportunistic pathogens. Their presence in GI tests can sometimes be indicative of a healthy, balanced gut flora, but their overgrowth or presence in certain clinical contexts can signal an imbalance or an infection.

Escherichia species, prominently Escherichia coli (E. coli), are a significant aspect of gastrointestinal (GI) test results due to their diverse roles within the human gut and potential implications for health. E. coli is a common and typically harmless resident of the human intestinal tract, playing a crucial role in maintaining the gut's microbial balance. However, certain strains of E. coli can be pathogenic, leading to various gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. When a GI test indicates elevated or abnormal levels of E. coli, it may signal an infection or a disruption in the gut microbiome's equilibrium.

- Gram-negative genus in the Proteobacteria phylum.

- Normal gut flora.

- Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the primary species in this genus.

- Most E. coli are nonpathogenic (pathogenic E. coli strains are measured separately).

The esterified/free carnitine ratio, often measured in clinical settings, is a valuable indicator of carnitine metabolism balance within the body. This ratio compares the amount of carnitine bound to fatty acids (esterified carnitine) to the amount of carnitine in its free, unbound form. A balanced ratio is crucial for efficient energy production, as carnitine plays a key role in transporting fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation.

Your estimated Average Glucose (eAG) number is calculated from the result of your A1c test. Like the A1c, the eAG shows what your average blood sugars have been over the previous 2 to 3 months, but instead of a percentage, the eAG is in the same units (mg/dl) as your blood glucose meter.

The CHD Risk is based on the T. Chol/HDL ratio. Other factors affect CHD Risk such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes, severe obesity, and family history of premature CHD.

Estradiol (Estrogen) is a female hormone, produced primarily in the ovary. The amount of estrogen produced depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Men also produce estradiol, but only very small amounts.

Shortly before ovulation, estradiol levels surge and then fall immediately after ovulation. They then rise again and remain elevated until 2-3 days before menstruation.

The most physiologically active estrogen. Binds to both to ER and Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ). Estradiol, made in the ovary, rapidly converts to estrone. Poor symptom control with estrogen replacement may suggest the need for improving absorption or increasing estradiol.

Estradiol (E2) is critical for assessing the estrogenic activity and hormonal balance in women. Estradiol, the most potent of the three major estrogens (which also include estrone and estriol), plays a pivotal role in female reproductive health, influencing the menstrual cycle, fertility, and secondary sexual characteristics.

Estradiol is primarily produced by the ovaries in premenopausal women and, to a lesser extent, by adipose tissue and the adrenal glands. Its production is stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In postmenopausal women, estradiol levels significantly decrease due to diminished ovarian function, with a relative increase in the importance of peripheral sources like adipose tissue for its production.

The most physiologically active estrogen. Binds to both to ER and Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ). Estradiol, made in the ovary, rapidly converts to estrone. Poor symptom control with estrogen replacement may suggest the need for improving absorption or increasing estradiol.

Estrogens play a critical role in female sexual development, menstrual function, protein synthesis, cardiovascular function, bone formation and remodeling, cognitive function, emotional balance and other important health factors. The estrogenic potency of estradiol is 12 times that of estrone and 80 times that of estriol. Estradiol is the primary estrogen in premenopausal women. Estrone is the second most potent estrogen compared to estradiol.

Estradiol (E2) is produced in women mainly in the ovary. The testes and adrenal glands are the principal source of estradiol in men. In women, normal levels of estradiol provide for proper ovulation, conception, and pregnancy, while also promoting healthy bone structure and regulating cholesterol levels.