The EBV (Epstein Barr) Nuclear Antigen Antibodies, IgG test looks for a type of antibody which the body typically develops in response to Epstein-Barr Virus.

EBNA antibodies usually appear 2-4 months after infection and persist for the life of the person.

This test is usually performed to establish a past infection with EBV.

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) EBNA IgG MFI marker on an EBV panel is a critical serological test used for assessing infection with EBV, particularly for evaluating past or latent infections. EBNA stands for Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen, one of the key proteins expressed by the virus during its latent phase. The IgG (Immunoglobulin G) antibodies against EBNA are typically detected in the later stages of EBV infection and persist long-term, often for the individual's lifetime. The Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) method used in this test quantifies the level of these specific antibodies by measuring the average intensity of fluorescence emitted from labeled antibodies binding to EBNA antigens.

The EBV (Epstein Barr) Nuclear Antigen Antibodies, IgG test looks for a type of antibody which the body typically develops in response to Epstein-Barr Virus.

EBNA antibodies usually appear 2-4 months after infection and persist for the life of the person.

This test is usually performed to establish a past infection with EBV.

The Epstein–Barr virus, also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of the causes of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever). It is a double-stranded, enveloped, linear DNA virus. Lyme disease and infectious mononucleosis are common illnesses that share similar clinical presentations and hence its useful to test together.

EBV-VCA, IgG is an antibody (protein) that is produced by the body in an immune response to an Epstein-Barr virus antigen.

EBV-VCA, IgM is an antibody (protein) that is produced by the body in an immune response to an Epstein-Barr virus antigen.

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is a virus of the herpes family, which includes herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis. It is also associated with particular forms of cancer, particularly Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and central nervous system lymphomas associated with HIV. Finally, there is evidence that infection with the virus is associated with a higher risk of certain autoimmune diseases, especially dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) VCA IgG MFI marker is a critical component in the serological assessment for Epstein-Barr virus infection, typically included in a comprehensive EBV panel. This marker specifically measures the Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA) of EBV, using a quantitative technique known as Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI). VCA is one of the first antigens expressed during an EBV infection, and the presence of IgG antibodies against it is indicative of a past or current infection.

- One of the most common viruses worldwide; infects 90–95% of the population

- Commonly contracted in childhood and causes mild symptoms

The Estrogen Quotient is a simple ratio of the cancer protective E3 relative to the proliferative estrogens E1 and E2, to assess breast cancer risk.

The higher your E3 is compared to your E1 and E2 levels, the lower your cancer risks may be. 

- Equol is a bacterial-derived metabolite with estrogenic and antioxidant activity. Reductase enzymes secreted by the gut microbiota convert daidzein into equol. Daidzein is an isoflavone from soy, tofu, soy milk, tempeh, miso.

- The ability to produce equol varies among individuals because only people who possess the intestinal bacteria capable of producing equol are regarded as equol producers. Vegetarians reported significantly higher rates of equol production.

- Spot-urine equol levels have been found to correlate strongly with serum concentrations.

- Women with PMS had a significantly higher risk of being an equol nonproducer. Intake of daidzein from soy has been associated with reductions of estrogen-dependent and aging-associated disorders. Isoflavonoid-rich herbal supplement (included daidzein) improved intima-media thickness of carotid arteries (CIMT) and inhibited growth of existing atherosclerotic plaques of postmenopausal women.

The ermB gene, included in the Urinary Tract Infection Panel by RealTime Laboratories, is a significant marker for antibiotic resistance, particularly relevant in the context of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This gene is responsible for conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics, which include erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin, through a mechanism known as ribosomal methylation. The presence of the ermB gene in urinary pathogens is a critical factor in determining the appropriate antibiotic therapy, as it indicates the potential ineffectiveness of macrolide antibiotics.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) is a relatively simple, inexpensive, non-specific test that has been used for many years to help detect inflammation associated with conditions such as infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases.

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are typically absent in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under normal conditions. Their presence can indicate a subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain), traumatic lumbar puncture (blood contamination during CSF collection), or other conditions such as CNS trauma, severe infections, or tumors causing blood vessel damage. Differentiating between true hemorrhage and a traumatic puncture often involves testing for xanthochromia (a yellow discoloration from hemoglobin breakdown) and analyzing sequential CSF samples for a decreasing erythrocyte count. Elevated erythrocytes in CSF require further evaluation with imaging or additional tests to determine the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment.

Erythropoietin, also known as EPO, is a hormone that the kidneys produce to stimulate production and maintenance of crucial red blood cells. The hormone does this in two ways: First, it stimulates bone marrow cells to produce red blood cells. Then, it works to protect the cells from destruction once they are in the body.

Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is a significant bacterium often identified in urine culture panels, especially in the context of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium is part of the normal flora of the human gut, but when it spreads to the urinary tract, it becomes a primary pathogen causing discomfort and health issues. A urine culture panel is a critical diagnostic tool used to detect and identify bacteria in urine samples, particularly E. coli, which is responsible for approximately 80-90% of UTIs. The presence of E. coli in a urine culture is a clear indication of infection, necessitating prompt and appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a type of bacteria that normally live in the intestines of people and animals.