Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to specific allergens have not been proved to be involved in pathogenesis of disease. The presence of IgG against otherwise innocuous antigens (such as foods) in serum simply indicates that the individual has been exposed to antigens that are recognized as foreign entities by the immune system. The presence of food-specific IgG alone cannot be taken as evidence of allergy or autoimmune disease and only indicates immunologicsensitization by the food in question. Consequently, thequantitative IgG test should only be ordered by specialists who recognize the limitations of the test.

The "F082-IgG Cheese, Mold Type" marker is a blood test that measures the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against proteins found in moldy cheeses. Mold-type cheeses, such as blue cheese, Roquefort, Camembert, and Brie, are made by introducing specific types of mold during the aging process. For individuals with sensitivities or intolerances to these molds, the immune system may produce IgG antibodies as a response to these foreign substances.

IgG antibodies are associated with delayed immune reactions, meaning symptoms linked to mold-type cheeses may take hours or even days to appear after consumption. Elevated levels of the F082-IgG Cheese, Mold Type marker may indicate a sensitivity to molds found in certain cheeses, leading to symptoms like digestive discomfort, bloating, headaches, skin rashes, or fatigue.

F2-Isoprostane, prostaglandin-like compounds formed from the free radical-mediated oxidation of arachidonic acid, are the ‘gold standard’ for measuring oxidative stress in the body.

F2-Isoprostane also have potent biological effects associated with inflammation and therefore may mediate chronic disease initiation and progression.

Additionally, F2-Isoprostane may also act as potent vasoconstrictors via thromboxane formation in the endothelium and promote platelet activation resulting in thrombus formation.

The F2-Isoprostane test may be performed on individuals at risk of future cardiovascular disease due to lifestyle risks, or those with a family history of cardiovascular disease.

Testing of F2 -Isoprostanes is determined by an individual’s medical history, but may be performed semi-annually or annually as necessary. If the initial test result is abnormal, then follow-up testing may be performed within 3-6 months following treatment.

The F2-Isoprostane/Creatinine Ratio is considered the gold standard for assessing oxidative stress, a biological process that can damage cells and tissues and is closely linked to the development of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease. This test is particularly useful for individuals with lifestyle risk factors such as poor diet, smoking, a family history of heart disease, or elevated cholesterol levels. F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) are compounds formed when arachidonic acid—a fatty acid essential for muscle function and cellular processes—is oxidized in the body. While the body can produce arachidonic acid naturally or obtain it from foods like red meat and egg yolks, excessive levels can lead to increased production of F2-IsoPs, which in turn may promote blood vessel constriction, elevate blood pressure, and increase blood clotting, all of which raise the risk for heart attacks and strokes. Elevated F2-IsoP levels have also been associated with early plaque formation in arteries, and studies have shown that individuals with high levels of F2-IsoPs may be up to 30 times more likely to develop heart disease. The test is performed using a high-precision Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method developed by Cleveland HeartLab, Inc., and although it has not been FDA-cleared, it is CLIA-certified for clinical use and provides critical insight into a patient’s oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk.

The "F236-IgG Whey" marker is a blood test that measures the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies directed against whey proteins. Whey is a protein found in milk and is commonly used in various food products, including protein powders, dairy products, and infant formulas. For individuals with a sensitivity or intolerance to whey, the immune system may produce IgG antibodies in response to these proteins.

IgG antibodies are associated with delayed-type immune reactions, meaning that symptoms caused by whey sensitivity may take several hours or even days to appear after consumption. Elevated levels of the F236-IgG Whey marker suggest that the immune system is reacting to whey proteins, which may indicate an intolerance or sensitivity to whey. Symptoms of whey sensitivity can include digestive issues like bloating, gas, and stomach discomfort, as well as headaches, fatigue, skin rashes, or other chronic symptoms.

The Factor IX Activity assay is a blood test that measures the activity of factor IX. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.

Venous thromboembolism is a complex condition that can be caused by a combination of genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and specific situations. One key genetic risk factor is the presence of a specific change in the F5 gene, known as Factor V Leiden (c.1601G>A or p. Arg534Gln variant). People who carry one copy of this variant are 6 to 8 times more likely to develop venous thromboembolism, while those with two copies (one from each parent) face an approximately 80 times higher risk. The risk increases even further for individuals who carry both the Factor V Leiden variant and another variant called c.*97G>A in the F2 gene, making them about 20 times more susceptible. Certain combinations of genetic factors, including both mentioned variants, could further elevate this risk.

The factor VII assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor VII. This is one of the proteins in the body that helps the blood clot.

This test measures the activity of factor VIII, a blood-clotting protein. The test can find out whether you have hemophilia A or another clotting disorder. Because blood-clotting proteins work together to stop bleeding, the test may be done as part of an overall screening for the proteins involved in clotting.

The factor X assay is a blood test to measure the activity of factor X -- one of the substances involved in blood clotting (coagulation).

Possibly related to IBD

Faecalibacterium and Roseburia are major producers of butyrate in the intestine. A reduced abundance of the organisms and a concurrent reduction in butyrate levels are associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most important bacteria in the human gut flora and makes up to 5-10% of the total number of bacteria detected in stool samples from healthy humans. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has a crucial role in maintaining gut physiology and host wellbeing.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most abundant butyrate producing bacteria in a healthy gastrointestinal tract.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most important bacteria in the human gut flora and makes up to 5-10% of the total number of bacteria detected in stool samples from healthy humans. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has a crucial role in maintaining gut physiology and host wellbeing.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most important bacteria in the human gut flora and makes up to 5-10% of the total number of bacteria detected in stool samples from healthy humans. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has a crucial role in maintaining gut physiology and host wellbeing.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most important bacteria in the human gut flora and makes up to 5-10% of the total number of bacteria detected in stool samples from healthy humans. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has a crucial role in maintaining gut physiology and host wellbeing.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a key indicator of gut health on a microbiome test panel. As a major butyrate-producing bacterium, it plays a critical role in maintaining the intestinal barrier, regulating the immune system, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Low levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are often associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), obesity, type 2 diabetes, and various mental health disorders. This bacterium is sensitive to diet, antibiotics, and lifestyle factors, making its presence a valuable marker for assessing gut health and the overall balance of the gut microbiota. Addressing deficiencies in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii through dietary adjustments, probiotics, and prebiotics can significantly contribute to restoring and maintaining gut health.

Non-gluten proteins constitute about 25% of the total protein content of wheat cereal. Recently it has been shown that these non-gluten proteins are immune-reactive in individuals with wheat sensitivity. The 5 groups of non-gluten proteins which are distinctly different from the gluten proteins that are responsible for inflammation in patients with wheat sensitivity are serpins, purinins, farinins, amylase/protease inhibitors and globulins.