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Optimal range: 0 - 5 µg/g creatinine
Styrene is used in the manufacturing of plastics, in building materials, and is found in car exhaust fumes. Polystyrene and its copolymers are widely used as food-packaging materials. The ability of styrene monomer to leach from polystyrene packaging to food has been reported. Occupational exposure due to inhalation of large amounts of styrene adversely impacts the central nervous system, causes concentration problems, muscle weakness, fatigue, and nausea, and irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and throat.
Optimal range: 0 - 105.6 mcg/g
Styrene is used in the manufacturing of plastics, in building materials, and is found in car exhaust fumes. Polystyrene and its copolymers are widely used as food-packaging materials. The ability of styrene monomer to leach from polystyrene packaging to food has been reported. Occupational exposure due to inhalation of large amounts of styrene adversely impacts the central nervous system, causes concentration problems, muscle weakness, fatigue, and nausea, and irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and throat.
Reduce exposure by eliminating plastic and styrofoam containers for cooking, reheating, eating or drinking (especially warm or hot) food or beverages. Replace these containers with glass, paper, or stainless steel whenever possible. Elimination of styrene can be accelerated by sauna treatment, reduced glutathione supplementation (oral, intravenous, transdermal, precursors such as N-acetyl cysteine [NAC]).
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
Phenyllactic acid is a metabolite of phenylalanine.
Optimal range: 0 - 0 mmol/mol creatinine
Phenyllactic acid is a metabolite of phenylalanine.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
Phenyllactic acid is a metabolite of phenylalanine.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 0.21 mmol/mol
Phenyllactic acid is a metabolite of phenylalanine.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.06 mcg/mg creatinine
Phenylpropionate is a intestinal microbial balance marker. Phenylpropionate is formed from bacterial action on phenylalanine and it should only be present at very low levels.
Optimal range: 0 - 0 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 0 mmol/mol creatinine
Phenylpyruvic acid is a keto-acid that is an intermediate or catabolic byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism. It has a slight honey-like odor.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
Phenylpyruvic acid is a keto-acid that is an intermediate or catabolic byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism. It has a slight honey-like odor.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
Phenylpyruvic acid is a keto-acid that is an intermediate or catabolic byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism. It has a slight honey-like odor.
Optimal range: 0 - 4 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 830000000 CFU/g stool
Generally considered a beneficial gut commensal, although is capable of attaching to and invading colonic epithelial cells and inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- Produces beta-glucuronidase, succinate, lactate, acetate, formate, and propionate.
- Associated with insulin resistance.
- Contains bile salt hydrolases to metabolize bile.
- Formerly named Bacteroides vulgatus.
Optimal range: 0.3 - 6.34 Healthy Relative Abundance IQR (%)
Generally considered a beneficial gut commensal, although is capable of attaching to and invading colonic epithelial cells and inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- Produces beta-glucuronidase, succinate, lactate, acetate, formate, and propionate.
- Associated with insulin resistance.
- Contains bile salt hydrolases to metabolize bile.
- Formerly named Bacteroides vulgatus.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.1 kU/L
Phoma is a very common soil fungus attacking weak or damaged plants. It is frequently isolated from different soils, dead plant tissues and potato. Phoma is frequently found indoors as a contaminator of humid surfaces, in connection with bio-deterioration of painted walls; producing colored spots, often pink or purple, several centimeters in diameter.
Optimal range: 11.2 - 192.4 nmol/mg Creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 2.8 - 4.1 mg/dL , 0.9 - 1.32 mmol/L
Along with calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride, phosphorus is one of the six essential minerals required by the human body in significant quantities.
Phosphorus is a mineral involved in DNA and RNA synthesis, part of ATP, helps activate enzymes. May be elevated due to Vit D toxicity, hypoparathyroidism, kidney dysfunction. May be decreased due to poor absorption, Vit D deficiency, elevated insulin, high carb diets, diarrhea, poor protein digestion.