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Optimal range: 193 - 507 mg/dL , 1.93 - 5.07 g/L
It’s used to determine the level of fibrinogen in your blood. Fibrinogen, or factor I, is a blood plasma protein that’s made in the liver. Fibrinogen is one of 13 coagulation factors responsible for normal blood clotting.
Optimal range: 149 - 353 mg/dL
Fibrinogen is a soluble protein in the plasma that is broken down to fibrin by the enzyme thrombin to form clots.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.33 Score
Noninvasive estimate of liver scarring in HCV and HBV patients, to assess need for biopsy.
Optimal range: 0.4 - 1.3 ELISA Index
ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH:
This test by itself is not diagnostic for any condition or disease
Atherosclerotic Lesions
Osteoarthritis
BODY TISSUE:
Joint
Optimal range: 0.2 - 2.2 ELISA Index
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 5 pg/mL
Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor used to block the formation of the potent androgen DHT from its precursor, testosterone. It is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia as well as male pattern baldness in men and women, and excessive facial or body hair growth in women.
Serum testosterone levels increase as a result of the reduced conversion to DHT, but the increase is not usually outside the normal range
. Treatment with finasteride has been linked with sexual side effects.
Reference range: -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3
Gram-negative Bacteroidetes and grampositive Firmicutes are bacterial phyla that dominate the entire human digestive tract, including the mouth, nose, throat, and colon.2 An abnormal result in one or both of these phylum suggest imbalanced normal microbes in the GI tract. Further, high Firmicutes and low Bacteroidetes (resulting in a high F/B ratio) suggest microbial imbalance which may be related to increased caloric extraction from food, fat deposition and lipogenesis, impaired insulin sensitivity, and increased inflammation.
Optimal range: 57000000000 - 300000000000 Units
Gram-negative Bacteroidetes and grampositive Firmicutes are bacterial phyla that dominate the entire human digestive tract, including the mouth, nose, throat, and colon.2 An abnormal result in one or both of these phylum suggest imbalanced normal microbes in the GI tract. Further, high Firmicutes and low Bacteroidetes (resulting in a high F/B ratio) suggest microbial imbalance which may be related to increased caloric extraction from food, fat deposition and lipogenesis, impaired insulin sensitivity, and increased inflammation.
Optimal range: 3.5 - 40 %
The marker "Firmicutes Phylum" refers to a significant group of bacteria commonly found in the human gut. Firmicutes are one of the most abundant types of bacteria in the human digestive tract, playing a crucial role in the body's ability to digest and absorb nutrients. They are also involved in the synthesis of certain vitamins and the regulation of our immune system. A GI panel often measures the levels of Firmicutes to assess the balance of microbial populations in the gut. An imbalance in these bacteria can be linked to various health conditions, including digestive disorders, obesity, and metabolic issues. When analyzing GI panel results, high or low levels of Firmicutes can provide insights into the individual's gut health, pointing towards potential dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) and guiding appropriate dietary or medical interventions to restore balance and support overall health.
Reference range: -50%, -25%, 0%, +25%
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 12 - 620 Ratio
The F/B ratio provides an estimate of the predominance of two major phyla of commensal organisms, which has been associated with a number of metabolic disorders.
Optimal range: 0 - 1 Ratio
An abnormal result in one or both of these phylum suggest imbalanced normal microbes in the GI tract.
Gram-negative Bacteroidetes and grampositive Firmicutes are bacterial phyla that dominate the entire human digestive tract, including the mouth, nose, throat, and colon.
Optimal range: 0.677 - 2.907 Ratio
In adults, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the most abundant bacterial phyla in the gut. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) abundance ratio was shown to increase from infancy to adulthood and subsequently to decrease again in the elderly. Elevated F/B ratios have been linked to obesity though the evidence is not conclusive.
Optimal range: 0 - 1 Ratio
The "Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes Ratio" is an important marker that provides insights into the composition of gut microbiota. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are two major groups of bacteria commonly found in the human gut. Each plays a critical role in digestion and overall health. The ratio between these two types of bacteria can indicate different states of gut health and has been linked to various conditions. For instance, an imbalance, often reflected in a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, has been associated with obesity and other metabolic disorders. Conversely, a lower ratio might be observed in leaner individuals. This marker helps healthcare providers understand the bacterial balance within a patient’s gastrointestinal tract, offering clues about the patient's metabolic health and potential digestive issues. Analyzing this ratio allows practitioners to recommend specific dietary or therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring a healthy balance of gut microbiota, thereby improving the patient's overall health.
Optimal range: 0.1 - 1.3 ELISA Index
LEARN MOREReference range: Vaccinated, Not Vaccinated
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can range from mild to severe, potentially leading to hospitalization and, in some cases, death.