Urine is a generally thought of as a sterile body fluid, therefore, evidence of white blood cells or bacteria in the urine is considered abnormal and may suggest a urinary tract infection such as, bladder infection (cystitis), infection of kidney (pyelonephritis).

White Blood Cells (WBC) and Mucus in the stool can occur with bacterial and parasitic infections, with mucosal irritation, and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

Elevated levels of WBCs in the stool are an indication of an inflammatory process resulting in the infiltration of leukocytes within the intestinal lumen. This could be the result of an inflammatory bowel conditions including ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (check fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin). Enteroinvasive bacteria such as Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, and Enteropathogenic parasites such as Giardia, Blastocystis, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba can be a cause of inflammation to the mucosal lining. WBCs are often accompanied by mucus in the stool (macroscopic examination). Other conditions that may be associated with WBCs in the stool include localized abscesses and anal fistulas. A positive WBC result may warrant identification and eradication of the cause of inflammation and possible anti-inflammatory therapy.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus (single-stranded RNA) that primarily infects birds but can also infect humans and horses.

Wheat Germ Agglutinin is not gluten, but is found in whole grain wheat. If your test results are positive (higher than normal levels of antibodies) the most logical suggestion is to not eat whole grain wheat and to be certain other wheat derived foods are not Wheat Germ Agglutinin contaminated.

The biological function of Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) in wheat is unknown, however, its suggested function is to protect against fungal infection due to its ability to bind to chitin-containing cell walls. WGA is a lectin protein that binds to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and is a binder of gram-positive bacteria via GlcNAc moies in the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall.

Known Cross-Reactions: Lysozyme aka muramidase or N-acetylmurmamide glycanhydrolase

Wheat Germ Agglutinin is not gluten, but is found in whole grain wheat. If your test results are positive (higher than normal levels of antibodies) the most logical suggestion is to not eat whole grain wheat and to be certain other wheat derived foods are not Wheat Germ Agglutinin contaminated.

Elevated levels of antibodies to Whey Protein indicate dairy protein immune reactivity. Although Whey supplementation has been proven to have healthful benefits such as the improvement of blood pressure and vascular function in obese patients and stimulation of beneficial gut microflora in infants, patients with cow’s milk intolerance should avoid consuming whey.

The casein: Whey protein ratio in native cow’s milk is 80:20. Because whey contains lactose, it should be avoided by those who are lactose intolerant. Dried whey, used as a food additive, contains more than 70% lactose.

White blood cells, often called leukocytes, are three types of cells found in the blood, along with red blood cells and platelets. Specifically, the white blood cell family contains five members: monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Together, these five cells act as our body’s primary immune system, responding to irritants and invaders. All blood cells are made in the bone marrow and then pass into the bloodstream. Leukocyte levels in the body are assessed through a blood differential test (also called a white blood cell differential) as a part of a complete blood count. This test can detect abnormal or immature cells and diagnose an infection, leukemia, or an autoimmune disorder. A healthcare professional may order a blood differential when someone has general signs and symptoms of infection and/or inflammation, such as:

- Fever, chills

- Body aches, pains

- Headache

Urine is a generally thought of as a sterile body fluid, therefore, evidence of white blood cells or bacteria in the urine is considered abnormal and may suggest a urinary tract infection such as, bladder infection (cystitis), infection of kidney (pyelonephritis).