Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to make polycarbonate polymers and epoxy resins, along with other materials used to make plastics, including water bottles and other food and beverage containers. Paper products, most notably thermal receipt paper, have now been shown to also contain significant amounts of BPA.

The blaSHV gene, detected in the Urinary Tract Infection Panel by RealTime Laboratories, is a significant marker for antibiotic resistance, particularly in urinary tract infections (UTIs). This gene encodes the SHV type beta-lactamase, an enzyme that confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, a class that includes penicillins and cephalosporins. The presence of the blaSHV gene in UTI-causing bacteria is a critical factor in determining the appropriate antibiotic treatment, as it indicates that the bacteria may be resistant to commonly used antibiotics in this class.

Blastocystis hominis is found throughout the world in both people with and without symptoms. It is a non-pathogenic parasite. Non-pathogenic parasites are present in the gastrointestinal tract and generally are self-limiting and do not cause illness. However, some research shows an association between non-pathogenic parasites and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Blastocystis hominis (B. hominis) is a unicellular protozoan found in the large intestine of humans. B. hominis is the most prevalent single-celled eukaryotic organism found in humans. It is a causative pathogen in irritable bowel disorders and the toxins released by B. hominis can contribute to fibromyalgia. This presence of B. hominis-specific immunoglobulins in the serum samples suggests that the immune action against this parasite is not limited to the intestinal level. Antibodies to the pathogen can be found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, therefore, it is still unclear whether B. hominis is a truly pathogenic organism, or a commensal, or perhaps, is capable of being a pathogen in specific circumstances.

Blastocystis hominis is found throughout the world in both people with and without symptoms. It is a non-pathogenic parasite. Non-pathogenic parasites are present in the gastrointestinal tract and generally are self-limiting and do not cause illness. However, some research shows an association between non-pathogenic parasites and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Blastocystis hominis (B. hominis) is a unicellular protozoan found in the large intestine of humans. B. hominis is the most prevalent single-celled eukaryotic organism found in humans. It is a causative pathogen in irritable bowel disorders and the toxins released by B. hominis can contribute to fibromyalgia. This presence of B. hominis-specific immunoglobulins in the serum samples suggests that the immune action against this parasite is not limited to the intestinal level. Antibodies to the pathogen can be found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, therefore, it is still unclear whether B. hominis is a truly pathogenic organism, or a commensal, or perhaps, is capable of being a pathogen in specific circumstances.

What is Blastocystis spp.?

Blastocystis is a common microscopic organism that inhabits the intestine and is found throughout the world. A full understanding of the biology of Blastocystis and its relationship to other organisms is not clear, but is an active area of research. Infection with Blastocystis is called blastocystosis.

What are the symptoms of infection with Blastocystis?

Watery or loose stools, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anal itching, weight loss, constipation, and excess gas have all been reported in persons with Blastocystis infection. Many people have no symptoms at all. The organism can be found in both well and sick persons.

How long will I be infected?

Blastocystis can remain in the intestine for weeks, months, or years.

• GI Effects provides microscopic fecal specimen examination for ova and parasites (O&P), the gold standard of diagnosis for many parasites.

Blautia is a genus of bacteria that resides in the human gut and is involved in various important processes, including the fermentation of carbohydrates and the production of short-chain fatty acids like butyrate. Butyrate is especially vital as it serves as a primary energy source for colon cells, supports the integrity of the gut barrier, and modulates the immune response, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining the overall health of the gastrointestinal tract.

Blautia has been linked to several health outcomes. For instance, a balanced presence of Blautia can contribute to a healthy gut environment, potentially protecting against certain diseases. Conversely, imbalances in Blautia levels have been associated with various conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

BUN, or blood urea nitrogen, is used predominantly to measure kidney function. BUN reflects the ratio between the production and clearance of urea in the body. Urea is formed almost entirely by the liver from both protein metabolism and protein digestion. The amount of urea excreted as BUN varies with the amount of dietary protein intake.

Increased BUN levels are a sign of kidney dysfunction. An increased BUN level may be due to increased production of urea by the liver or decreased excretion by the kidney. Increased BUN levels are also associated with dehydration and hypochlorhydria.

Decreased BUN levels are associated with malabsorption and a diet low in protein.

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a physical barrier formed by the arrangement of endothelial cells and tight junctions that line the capillaries which supply blood to the brain. The tissue proteins of the BBB are also present in the enteric nervous system (ENS). The complex ENS network resides in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexus.

The ENS controls aspects of gut function, including motility, microvascular circulation, epithelial secretion of fluid, ions and bioactive peptides and intestinal barrier function.

Associated With: Individuals training for professional sports (saliva), Inflammatory bowel disease (saliva), Traumatic brain injury (serum)

BMI Categories:
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5–24.9
Overweight = 25–29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater