Other names: HOMA-IR SCORE, Insulin Resistance Index
Optimal Result:
0 - 2 Units.
HOMA-IR stands for "Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance".
- Less than 1 means you are insulin-sensitive (Optiomal)
- Greater than 1.9 indicates early insulin resistance.
- Greater than 2.9 indicates significant insulin resistance.
Insulin, a hormone secreted by your pancreas, helps the body use glucose for fuel. When the body becomes insulin resistant, the pancreas will increase its production of insulin to compensate, but increased levels of insulin can damage your overall health and make it very difficult to lose weight.
If insulin resistance is left untreated, it can lead to the development of pre-diabetes, Type 2 diabetes mellitus or other metabolic conditions, like heart disease and fatty liver disease.
Why take the HOMA-IR test?
When insulin resistance is identified early, it can be reversed. Using the HOMA-IR to identify subtle insulin resistance, even before it is evident in more traditional screening measures like hemoglobin HA1c (HA1c) and fasting blood sugar.
The HOMA-IR tool is a validated, non-invasive tool to assess the relationship between glucose and insulin. If elevated, it can guide you to make diet and lifestyle changes that will bring your HOMA-IR score down into the insulin-sensitive range, lose weight, and improve your health.
HOMA-IR and CVD:
HOMA-IR is an independent predictor of CVD in type 2 diabetes. The improvement of insulin resistance might have beneficial effects not only on glucose control but also on CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
What is insulin resistance?
Insulin is a hormone produced by β-cells (beta-cells) in the pancreas, an organ found in the upper part of your abdomen. Insulin regulates the sugar level in the blood and is secreted when the blood sugar level is high (e.g., after a meal). It works like a door-opening key – by interacting with specialized receptors in the cell membrane, it makes glucose move into fat, skeletal muscle, and liver cells. This results in the following:
a) The cell receiving a source of energy; and,
b) The blood sugar level is lowered.
Insulin resistance is when cells do not react to the insulin delivered to them via the blood. The causes are numerous. Sometimes there's a problem with a receptor. Sometimes, it's an issue with the signaling pathway. To make up for ineffective insulin, the pancreas produces more of it. As long as the amount of insulin available to the cell is sufficient to compensate for its weak response, blood sugar levels will stay in the normal range.
The pancreas usually cannot maintain this state of increased insulin production for long. When this happens, there will be a lot of insulin and sugar in the blood, as they cannot be 'consumed' by the cells. Persistent hyperglycemia- high blood sugar level – has very well-known harmful effects, such as diabetes and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
What are some insulin resistance symptoms? The answer is there isn't any until it's too late, as you don't really feel insulin resistance. This is the same as hyperglycemia, where you don't really feel it until it damages your organs or is high enough to give you acidosis.
What is insulin resistance – is it a separate disease? Well, while we address it like an illness – there are drugs and interventions – it's more a state that precedes more severe metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. It's also usually paired with other cardiovascular risk factors, like obesity, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. Early intervention and following the doctor's orders are key to saving yourself from serious consequences, such as blindness or kidney failure.
What markes are needed to calculate the HOMA-IR?
Plasma insulin and glucose levels drawn after an overnight fast.
What is the mathematical formula to calculate HOMA-IR:
Glucose (mg/dl) x Insulin mIU/L // (divided by) 405
Glucose (mmol/l) x Insulin mIU/l // (divided by) 22.4
References:
Enzo Bonora, Gianni Formentini, Francesco Calcaterra, Simonetta Lombardi, Franco Marini, Luciano Zenari, Francesca Saggiani, Maurizio Poli, Sandro Perbellini, Andrea Raffaelli, Vittorio Cacciatori, Lorenza Santi, Giovanni Targher, Riccardo Bonadonna, Michele Muggeo; HOMA-Estimated Insulin Resistance Is an Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: Prospective data from the Verona Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes Care 1 July 2002; 25 (7): 1135–1141. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.7.1135
HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) is a marker used to estimate insulin resistance, a condition where the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin. Insulin resistance is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
HOMA-IR is calculated using fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels:
HOMA-IR = (Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) × Fasting Insulin (µU/mL)) / 405
If your glucose is in mmol/L, the formula becomes:
HOMA-IR = (Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) × Fasting Insulin (µU/mL)) / 22.5
A higher HOMA-IR score indicates greater insulin resistance.
Several factors can contribute to increased HOMA-IR:
High HOMA-IR levels indicate that the body is struggling to use insulin effectively, which can lead to:
Improving insulin sensitivity can help lower HOMA-IR. Strategies include:
Elevated HOMA-IR levels are a warning sign of insulin resistance, which can lead to serious health conditions if left unaddressed. If your HOMA-IR is high, it’s crucial to make lifestyle changes and consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice. Early intervention can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and improve overall metabolic health.
Import lab results from multiple providers, track changes over time, customize your reference ranges, and get clear explanations for each result. Everything is stored securely, exportable in one organized file, and shareable with your doctor—or anyone you choose.
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Low HOMA-IR values indicate high insulin sensitivity.
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After collecting lab results from different providers, you can download your entire history combined into a single file.
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If you are still determining whether Healthmatters support your lab results, the rule is that if you can test it, you can upload it to Healthmatters.
While we work with many popular labs, we welcome reports from lots of other places too.
It's as simple as this: if you can get a test done, you can upload it to Healthmatters and we can interpret results from any lab out there. If laboratories can analyze it, we can interpret it.
If you're on the hunt for a specific biomarker, contact us and we'll add it to our database. Anything from blood, urine, saliva, or stool can be uploaded, understood, and tracked with your Healthmatters account.
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There are two ways to add your test reports to your Healthmatters account. One option is to input the data using the data entry forms. The other method is to utilize our "Data entry service."
Our data entry forms offer an easy, fast, and free way for you to input the reports yourself. Self-entry allows you to add an unlimited number of reports at no cost. We make the self-entry process user-friendly, providing dozens of templates that pre-populate the most popular laboratory panels and offering instant feedback on entered values.
For those who prefer assistance, we offer a "Data entry service" to help you input your data. Simply attach an image or file of your lab test results, and a qualified team member from our data entry team will add the results for you.
We support various file types, including PDFs, JPGs, or Excel. This service is particularly useful if you have many reports to upload or if you're too busy to handle the data entry yourself.
Our Data Entry Service is for when you don't want to manually type in your lab results yourself. You simply upload your report (PDF, image, or screenshot), and our trained team enters the information into your Healthmatters account for you — accurately and neatly organized, ready to view in graphs, tables, and timelines.
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We've crafted multiple ways for you to navigate your data, whether you're glancing at a single report or delving into your historical test reports.
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Yes, you can! We highly recommend activating Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for your account. To do so, please navigate to the "Profile and Security" section of your account, where you will find instructions for activating 2FA.
Yes, you can. When entering values for the biomarker, you will see an "Edit Range" button. Click this button, and you'll have the option to enter a custom range.
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To learn more about Healthmatters Pro, please refer to the professional page.
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