Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-histidine) is a urinary biomarker from the consumption of poultry and fish. It is a dipeptide consisting of the amino acids 1-methylhistidine and beta-alanine. The enzyme carnosineN-methyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on carnosine to form anserine. Anserine acts as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and pH buffer. It can reduce blood sugar and affect renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Anserine is measured in FMV urine only.

Anserine is part of a group of Beta-Amino Acids and Derivatives. Anserine is beta-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine, and it is known to come from chicken, turkey, duck, rabbit, tuna and salmon.

Anserine is part of a group of Beta-Amino Acids and Derivatives. Anserine is beta-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine, and it is known to come from chicken, turkey, duck, rabbit, tuna and salmon.

Anserine is part of a group of Beta-Amino Acids and Derivatives. Anserine is beta-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine, and it is known to come from chicken, turkey, duck, rabbit, tuna and salmon.

Anserine is a dipeptide, a small molecule composed of two amino acids, specifically beta-alanine and histidine. It is commonly found in the skeletal muscles and brain of mammals and is particularly abundant in poultry and fish. The presence and concentration of anserine in urine can provide valuable insights into various physiological and pathological conditions. For instance, elevated levels of anserine in urine may indicate increased muscle breakdown or protein catabolism, which can occur during intense physical activity, muscle wasting diseases, or certain metabolic disorders. Conversely, low levels might suggest issues with protein intake or absorption. Monitoring anserine levels can be crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions related to muscle metabolism and overall protein utilization in the body. By evaluating the urinary excretion of anserine, healthcare providers can gain a better understanding of an individual's metabolic state and potentially identify underlying health issues that require further investigation or intervention.

Other names: Anthranilate

- Several clinical studies have reported increased excretion of anthranilic acid and other metabolites in bladder cancer patients.

- Anthranilic acid was one of nine markers that positively correlated with proteinuria.

- Anthranilic acid comes from the kynurenine pathway, which is B6 dependent; Anthranilic acid activity may be reduced during vitamin B6 restriction.

- In a mathematical model without a tryptophan load, a moderate B6 deficiency resulted in slight decreases in kynurenic and anthranilic acids.

- Patients with acute intermittent porphyria had significantly increased urinary excretion of kynurenine and anthranilic acid.

The AntiDNAse B Titer is a test used in conjunction with ASO titer tests. It tests for poststreptococcal complications.

This test allows for the detection of the presence of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, which provides early evidence of autoimmune disease activity; its measurement has been shown to be useful in assisting the physician in the prediction, diagnosis, and management of patients with diabetes.

Anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies, detected through the Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) panel, are crucial in diagnosing autoimmune diseases like Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) and Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA). These conditions, part of autoimmune vasculitides, involve the immune system mistakenly attacking blood vessels, leading to inflammation and potential organ damage.

MPA is a rare autoimmune disorder causing inflammation in small and medium-sized vessels, affecting organs like kidneys and lungs, with symptoms like fatigue and joint pain. EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss Syndrome, also targets small to medium vessels but is marked by high eosinophil counts, affecting organs including lungs and heart, and presenting symptoms like asthma and skin rashes.

Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme in white blood cells aiding infection defense. Anti-MPO antibodies, indicating an immune attack on this enzyme, are significant in diagnosing and managing these vasculitides. High anti-MPO levels in MPA signify active disease and potential relapse. In EGPA, their presence aids in diagnosis and prognosis. These antibodies can trigger damaging immune responses in blood vessels, leading to inflammation. Continuous research on anti-MPO antibodies is pivotal in understanding and treating autoimmune vasculitides.

Anti-Proteinase 3 antibodies (PR3-ANCA) are key in diagnosing Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks blood vessels, mainly affecting the respiratory system and kidneys. Proteinase 3, an enzyme in neutrophils, is targeted by these antibodies, leading to vessel inflammation and damage. High levels of anti-PR3 antibodies indicate active GPA, aiding in its management and treatment decisions. This understanding is vital for developing targeted therapies to control the disease.

Acetylcholine receptors are responsible for binding acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter for signal transduction in CNS. They are localized in neuromuscular junctions. Antibodies against acetylcholine receptor are found in myasthenia gravis disease, which destroys the receptor function, leading to a neuromuscular transmission defect, which then causes hypofunction, fatigue, and inflammation of skeletal muscles and produces serum antibodies against muscle antigens.

Acetylcholine receptors are responsible for binding acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter for signal transduction in CNS. They are localized in neuromuscular junctions. Antibodies against acetylcholine receptor are found in myasthenia gravis disease, which destroys the receptor function, leading to a neuromuscular transmission defect, which then causes hypofunction, fatigue, and inflammation of skeletal muscles and produces serum antibodies against muscle antigens.

Actin is responsible for regulating paracellular flow across the intestinal epithelium. However, increased levels of actin suggest epithelial cell damage leading to increased intestinal permeability and decreased barrier function.

AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) is a compound that is a specific agonist for the AMPA receptor, where it mimics the effects of the neurotransmitter glutamate. In some epilepsies, antibodies to AMPA receptors leads to neuron damage. The same is true for ischemia, where oxygen deprivation leads to excitotoxicity. Conversely, Alzheimer's disease is characterized by decreased AMPA activation and synapse loss.