Androsterone is a DHEA metabolite via the 5-alpha-reductase pathway. The 5-alpha pathway is more androgenic. 

Androsterone is a DHEA metabolite via the 5-alpha-reductase pathway. The 5-alpha pathway is more androgenic. 

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

The ratio of Androsterone (5a) to Etiocholanolone (5b) in a Human Urinary Metabolic Profile (HUMAP) panel is a critical marker for assessing the balance of androgen metabolism in the body. Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are both metabolites of testosterone and other androgens, but they differ in their origins and physiological impacts. Androsterone, derived predominantly from the metabolism of testosterone, is associated with androgenic properties, playing a role in male characteristics and anabolic functions. In contrast, Etiocholanolone, though also a testosterone metabolite, does not possess androgenic activity and is a product of the 5β-reductase pathway.

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

Androsterone is the product of androgens metabolized by 5-alpha reductase. It acts as a neurosteroid and a weak potentiator of GABA-A receptor activity.

Androsterone is the product of androgens metabolized by 5-alpha reductase. It acts as a neurosteroid and a weak potentiator of GABA-A receptor activity.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme that helps regulate blood pressure.

An increased blood level of ACE is sometimes found in sarcoidosis, a systemic disorder of unknown cause that often affects the lungs but may also affect many other body organs, including the eyes, skin, nerves, liver, and heart.

Our body chemistry consists of a never-ending cascade of molecules reacting with one another to make more complex molecules. A few are commonly familiar: sodium, potassium, and chloride. These can be further classified by their electrical charge. Sodium and potassium are positively charged and are referred to as cations; chloride is negatively charged and is referred to as an anion. An anion gap refers to the measured difference between cations and anions in serum, plasma, or urine.  An usual anion gap measurement may indicate a number of conditions depending on whether the reading is high or low, the most common being a high anion gap reading as an indication of acidosis. Symptoms of acidosis include:

- Fatigue

- Confusion

- Shortness of breath

- Headache

There are a number of cations and anions in the body; therefore, it is most useful to narrow an anion gap blood test to a few specific molecules or a single source of fluid to make the readings more concise. 

Anion gap (AG) is a calculated value commonly used in clinical practice. It approximates the difference between the concentration of unmeasured anions (UA) and unmeasured cations (UC) in serum. At present, the reference range of anion gap has been lowered from 8-16 to 3-11 mmol/l because of the changes in technique for measuring electrolyte. However, clinicians and textbooks still refer and use the old reference value of 8-16 mmol/l. This may lead to misinterpretation of the value of anion gap. [R]

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What does a slightly decreased (medium risk) value of Anion Gap signify?

A slightly decreased anion gap can indicate conditions such as hypoalbuminemia, hypercalcemia, hypermagnesemia, multiple myeloma, or intoxication with substances like lithium, bromide, or iodide. To increase the anion gap back to the normal reference range, it's essential to address the underlying cause. This might involve treating the underlying disease (e.g., managing hypoalbuminemia or hypercalcemia), discontinuing or adjusting medications causing electrolyte imbalances, or correcting intoxications. Effective management of these underlying issues typically helps restore the anion gap to normal levels.

What does it mean if Albumin levels are also low?

If albumin levels are also low, contributing to a decreased anion gap, addressing the underlying cause is crucial. This can involve improving nutritional intake, managing chronic diseases like liver disease or nephrotic syndrome, adjusting medications, or in some cases, providing albumin infusions. By treating the root cause of hypoalbuminemia, both albumin levels and the anion gap can be restored to their normal ranges.

Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-histidine) is a urinary biomarker from the consumption of poultry and fish. It is a dipeptide consisting of the amino acids 1-methylhistidine and beta-alanine. The enzyme carnosineN-methyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on carnosine to form anserine. Anserine acts as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and pH buffer. It can reduce blood sugar and affect renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Anserine is measured in FMV urine only.

Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-histidine) is a urinary biomarker from the consumption of poultry and fish. It is a dipeptide consisting of the amino acids 1-methylhistidine and beta-alanine. The enzyme carnosineN-methyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on carnosine to form anserine. Anserine acts as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and pH buffer. It can reduce blood sugar and affect renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Anserine is measured in FMV urine only.

Anserine is a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine, and it is included in the OMX Organic Metabolomics test panel by Diagnostic Solutions Laboratory. Elevated levels of anserine in the test results can indicate increased muscle metabolism or oxidative stress, as anserine acts as a buffer in muscle tissue, helping to maintain pH levels during intense physical activity. This marker is particularly relevant for athletes or individuals engaged in high levels of physical exertion, as it may reflect adaptations to training or muscle recovery processes. Additionally, anserine levels can provide insights into dietary habits, particularly protein intake, and may also be associated with certain metabolic conditions. Monitoring anserine alongside other metabolites allows practitioners to gain a comprehensive understanding of a patient's metabolic health and tailor interventions accordingly.

Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-histidine) is a urinary biomarker from the consumption of poultry and fish. It is a dipeptide consisting of the amino acids 1-methylhistidine and beta-alanine. The enzyme carnosineN-methyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on carnosine to form anserine. Anserine acts as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and pH buffer. It can reduce blood sugar and affect renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Anserine is measured in FMV urine only.