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Optimal range: 0 - 5000 Units
Klebsiella species are gram-negative bacteria normally found in the intestinal tract that are associated with a wide range of small intestinal disorders including:
- alterations of motility,
- diarrhea,
- gas,
- abdominal pain,
- and bloating.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.31 Ratio
KT Ratio stands for Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio (KTR).
What is Tryptophan?
Tryptophan is involved in serotonin production and is the least abundant amino acid.
What is Kynurenine?
Kynurenine is primary breakdown product of tryptophan.
Optimal range: 0.02 - 0.1 Ratio
KT Ratio stands for Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio (KTR).
What is Tryptophan?
Tryptophan is involved in serotonin production and is the least abundant amino acid.
What is Kynurenine?
Kynurenine is primary breakdown product of tryptophan.
Optimal range: 0 - 2.49 ug/mg creatinine
Kynurenate is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
Optimal range: 0 - 7.1 mmol/mol creatinine
Kynurenate is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.5 mcg/mg creatinine
Kynurenate is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
Optimal range: 0.8 - 4.5 ug/mg
Kynurenate is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
Optimal range: 1 - 6.6 ug/mg
Kynurenate is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein. Inadequate vitamin B6 is one factor that leads to increased concentrations of kynurenate and xanthurenate in urine. These products of amino acid breakdown cannot be further metabolized in the absence of vitamin B6.
Optimal range: 0.44 - 5 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 2.2 mmol/mol creatinine
Kynurenic Acid is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
Optimal range: 0.75 - 2.06 mg/g creat
Kynurenic Acid is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.8 mmol/mol creatinine
Kynurenic Acid is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
Optimal range: 0 - 4.2 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.44 - 5 Ratio
Because of the specific inflammatory component of quinolinic acid, as well as the potentially protective role of kynurenic acid peripherally, laboratories measure the ratio of kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid. This ratio can act as a measure of disturbed kynurenine pathway metabolism. It suggests that tryptophan is catabolized via the kynurenine pathway, rather than the serotonin pathway.
Optimal range: 0.44 - 5 Ratio
Kynurenic acid, which is derived from the processing of tryptophan, is converted to quinolinic acid in the presence of B6 or P5P. While kynurenic is calming, quinolinic is an excitotoxin that can over stimulate nerves.
Optimal range: 0 - 7.1 mmol/mol creatinine
Kynurenic Acid is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
Optimal range: 0 - 1.51 ug/mgCR
Kynurenic acid and Quinolinic acid are tryptophan metabolites formed through the kynurenine pathway. Tryptophan is the amino acid precursor to serotonin; its major route for catabolism is the kynurenine pathway. Important products of the kynurenine pathway include xanthurenic acid and kynurenic acid, which can further metabolize into quinolinic acid. The historical importance of this pathway has mainly been as a source of the coenzyme NAD+, which is important for all redox reactions in the mitochondria.
However, it is now understood that kynurenic and quinolinic acid have physiologic implications. This alternate pathway is upregulated in response to inflammation and stress, which can lead to deficient serotonin production. Kynurenic acid has shown some neuroprotective properties in the brain, since it can stimulate NMDA receptors. However, its importance on the periphery is still not fully elucidated. Some studies outline antiinflammatory, analgesic, antiatherogenic, antioxidative, and hepatoprotective properties to peripheral kynurenic acid.
The correlation to levels of urinary excretion needs further study. Quinolinic acid, in and of itself, can be inflammatory and neurotoxic.
Optimal range: 639 - 1200 µg/g creatinine
Kynurenic acid, a neuroactive metabolite produced from kynurenine, is regarded to be neuroprotective unless in excess amounts.
Optimal range: 7.8 - 54 nmol/mg Creatinine
Kynurenic Acid is product of the metabolism of L-Tryptophan and appears in urine in Vitamin B6 deficiencies. Your body needs vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to utilize amino acids derived from dietary protein.
