SOURCES:

Fish, shellfish, plants, cigarettes, soil, air, water, electronic devices, switches and closures for the semi-conductor industry, glass for medical procedures.

NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS:

Some of its toxic effects results from interference with biological functions of potassium.

Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic element which, like lead and mercury, accumulates in many body tissues. Hair levels reflect chronic accumulation of Tl, but alopecia occurs about two weeks after ACUTE Tl poisoning. Thallium occurs naturally in some minerals, and magmatic and sedimentary rock, consequently in soil, water, and air. Industrially, Tl is used in lenses and prisms, as an alloy with mercury in low temperature thermometers, and in the preparation of high density liquids.

This calculation includes the daily metabolites of cortisol (5-alpha THF, THF) and cortisone (THE) which maybe a better representation of daily cortisol output than measuring cortisol and cortisone alone due to metabolism differences in the liver (with thyroid hormone) and fatty tissues.

This calculation includes the daily metabolites of cortisol (5-alpha THF, THF) and cortisone (THE) which maybe a better representation of daily cortisol output than measuring cortisol and cortisone alone due to metabolism differences in the liver (with thyroid hormone) and fatty tissues.

High levels can indicate increased cortisol secretion or hyperthyroidism.

Low levels may indicate decreased cortisol secretion or hypothyroidism.

THF (Tetrahydrofolate) is the fundamental, active form of folate from which all other folate derivatives are made. It supports DNA synthesis, cell growth, and the production of methyl donors needed for healthy methylation. Measuring THF helps assess folate status, nutrient metabolism, and cellular function, especially when evaluating methylation or one-carbon metabolism.

Urinary thorium (Th) provides an indication of recent or ongoing exposure to the radioactive metal, and endogenous detoxification to a lesser extent. This test measures Th232 which is the most abundant, naturally occurring radioactive isotope of Th.

Th is found almost everywhere in the earth’s crust, so exposure to small amounts of Th from air, food and water is unavoidable. Th is a naturally occurring radioactive metal that is found at low levels in soil, rocks, water, plants, and animals. Th is almost as abundant in the earth’s crust as lead, and three times more abundant than uranium (U238).

Thorium is a naturally occurring element found at very low levels in the air, food and drinking water. It is not easily taken up by your body. It is unlikely that health effects will occur in the general population.

Sources:

Rocks, soil, water, plants, ceramics, gas lantern mantles, metals in the aerospace industry and nuclear reactors reactions, fuel for nuclear energy and mining. 

Nutrient interactions:

unknown

Physiological effects:

Th can damage chromosomes.

Clinical significance:

Exposure may lead to increased risk of certain cancers including gallbladder, liver, and leukemia, as well as cirrhosis. Inhaled Th (mainly among workers exposed to Th dus) can cause lung damage many years after being exposed

Threonine is a large neutral amino acid and a precursor for the amino acid glycine. Foods that contain relatively high amounts of threonine include cheeses (especially Swiss), meat, fish, poultry, seeds, walnuts, cashews, almonds and peanuts. Threonine gets converted to glycine using a two-step biochemical pathway involving the enzymes threonine dehydrogenase and the vitamin B6-dependent glycine C-acetyltransferase.

Threonine is a large neutral amino acid and a precursor for the amino acid glycine. Foods that contain relatively high amounts of threonine include cheeses (especially Swiss), meat, fish, poultry, seeds, walnuts, cashews, almonds and peanuts. Threonine gets converted to glycine using a two-step biochemical pathway involving the enzymes threonine dehydrogenase and the vitamin B6-dependent glycine C-acetyltransferase.

Threonine is an essential amino acid, i.e., it is vital for your health, but it cannot be synthesized by your body and therefore has to be obtained from a diet.