DHEA and androstenedione are made almost exclusively by the adrenal gland (although a smaller amount is made in the ovaries). These hormones appear in urine as DHEA-S (DHEA-Sulfate), androsterone and etiocholanolone.

Androstenetriol (5-AT), a metabolite of the hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), is a noteworthy marker in the Comprehensive 24-Hour Urine Steroid Hormone Profile Test, emphasizing its relevance in evaluating adrenal function and overall health status in men. As an indicator of adrenal gland activity, 5-AT plays a significant role in the body's response to stress and immune system regulation. The measurement of 5-AT levels in a 24-hour urine sample offers a comprehensive overview of adrenal function over an extended period, providing deeper insights than single-point blood tests. This marker is particularly valuable in assessing conditions such as adrenal fatigue or insufficiency, where 5-AT levels may be diminished.

Androsterone is a metabolite of androgens, crucial for evaluating hormonal balance in women. Chemically classified as a 17-ketosteroid, androsterone is primarily a breakdown product of testosterone, but it can also be derived from other androgens. In women, the measurement of androsterone in a morning void urine sample offers valuable insights into androgenic activity, which plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including libido, energy levels, and overall well-being.

Androsterone is a DHEA metabolite via the 5-alpha-reductase pathway. The 5-alpha pathway is more androgenic. 

Androsterone is a DHEA metabolite via the 5-alpha-reductase pathway. The 5-alpha pathway is more androgenic. 

Androsterone is a DHEA metabolite via the 5-alpha-reductase pathway. The 5-alpha pathway is more androgenic. 

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

The ratio of Androsterone (5a) to Etiocholanolone (5b) in a Human Urinary Metabolic Profile (HUMAP) panel is a critical marker for assessing the balance of androgen metabolism in the body. Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are both metabolites of testosterone and other androgens, but they differ in their origins and physiological impacts. Androsterone, derived predominantly from the metabolism of testosterone, is associated with androgenic properties, playing a role in male characteristics and anabolic functions. In contrast, Etiocholanolone, though also a testosterone metabolite, does not possess androgenic activity and is a product of the 5β-reductase pathway.

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

Androsterone is the product of androgens metabolized by 5-alpha reductase. It acts as a neurosteroid and a weak potentiator of GABA-A receptor activity.

Androsterone is the product of androgens metabolized by 5-alpha reductase. It acts as a neurosteroid and a weak potentiator of GABA-A receptor activity.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme that helps regulate blood pressure.

An increased blood level of ACE is sometimes found in sarcoidosis, a systemic disorder of unknown cause that often affects the lungs but may also affect many other body organs, including the eyes, skin, nerves, liver, and heart.

Your anion gap is inside the range shown here, which is 8 to 16 mEq/L. Published ranges differ from that band substantially — the Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine works to 3 to 9 mEq/L, Mayo Clinic Laboratories publishes 7 to 15 for people aged 7 and over, and ARUP publishes no number at all, stating that reports "may vary based on instrumentation".

So being in range here is worth reading against your own report. A result at the top of the band shows in range on this page and sits above the intervals named above; further down it sits above some and inside others, and which is which depends on the formula as well as the laboratory. There is no span of this band where every source agrees. The interval printed on your report is the one the laboratory that ran your sample stands behind.

Two things change what the number means, whatever it is. If your albumin is below 4 g/dL, the measured gap understates the real one by about 2.5 for every 1 g/dL of the shortfall, which can hide a raised gap. And if your result is labeled w/o K, it was calculated without potassium; the published range for the version that includes potassium is four units higher, so the range has to match the formula.