DHEA and androstenedione are made almost exclusively by the adrenal gland (although a smaller amount is made in the ovaries). These hormones appear in urine as DHEA-S (DHEA-Sulfate), androsterone and etiocholanolone.

Androstenetriol (5-AT), a metabolite of the hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), is a noteworthy marker in the Comprehensive 24-Hour Urine Steroid Hormone Profile Test, emphasizing its relevance in evaluating adrenal function and overall health status in men. As an indicator of adrenal gland activity, 5-AT plays a significant role in the body's response to stress and immune system regulation. The measurement of 5-AT levels in a 24-hour urine sample offers a comprehensive overview of adrenal function over an extended period, providing deeper insights than single-point blood tests. This marker is particularly valuable in assessing conditions such as adrenal fatigue or insufficiency, where 5-AT levels may be diminished.

Androsterone is a metabolite of androgens, crucial for evaluating hormonal balance in women. Chemically classified as a 17-ketosteroid, androsterone is primarily a breakdown product of testosterone, but it can also be derived from other androgens. In women, the measurement of androsterone in a morning void urine sample offers valuable insights into androgenic activity, which plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including libido, energy levels, and overall well-being.

Androsterone is a DHEA metabolite via the 5-alpha-reductase pathway. The 5-alpha pathway is more androgenic. 

Androsterone is a DHEA metabolite via the 5-alpha-reductase pathway. The 5-alpha pathway is more androgenic. 

Androsterone is a DHEA metabolite via the 5-alpha-reductase pathway. The 5-alpha pathway is more androgenic. 

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

The ratio of Androsterone (5a) to Etiocholanolone (5b) in a Human Urinary Metabolic Profile (HUMAP) panel is a critical marker for assessing the balance of androgen metabolism in the body. Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are both metabolites of testosterone and other androgens, but they differ in their origins and physiological impacts. Androsterone, derived predominantly from the metabolism of testosterone, is associated with androgenic properties, playing a role in male characteristics and anabolic functions. In contrast, Etiocholanolone, though also a testosterone metabolite, does not possess androgenic activity and is a product of the 5β-reductase pathway.

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

Androsterone and Etiocholanolone are DHEA metabolites via Androstenedione and the 5α- and 5β-reductase pathways.

Androsterone is the product of androgens metabolized by 5-alpha reductase. It acts as a neurosteroid and a weak potentiator of GABA-A receptor activity.

Androsterone is the product of androgens metabolized by 5-alpha reductase. It acts as a neurosteroid and a weak potentiator of GABA-A receptor activity.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme that helps regulate blood pressure.

An increased blood level of ACE is sometimes found in sarcoidosis, a systemic disorder of unknown cause that often affects the lungs but may also affect many other body organs, including the eyes, skin, nerves, liver, and heart.

The anion gap is a calculated value on a standard anion gap blood test that helps detect acid–base imbalances in the body. It is derived from electrolytes measured in a basic or comprehensive metabolic panel and is most commonly used to identify metabolic acidosis. A high anion gap may indicate acid buildup from conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, or lactic acidosis, while a low value is usually associated with low albumin levels. This marker is most useful when interpreted alongside other lab results such as bicarbonate, creatinine, and glucose.