Strontium incorporates into hydroxyl crystal lattice of bone, stimulates new cortical and cancellous bone formation, and decreases bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclastic activity. There are a number of stable isotopes of strontium, including 84Sr, 86Sr, 87Sr, and 88Sr. Radioactive strontium, 90Sr, is a nuclear waste product and a human carcinogen. Serum strontium levels have been evaluated during therapy to establish GI absorption. Strontium has been shown to concentrate in hair with increased environmental exposure. Like calcium and magnesium, strontium is deposited in bone. Conversely, it is mobilized from bone when blood calcium levels fall. 

Strontium in a hair analysis can provide valuable information about an individual's body burden of strontium and its correlation with calcium levels in body tissues. Strontium levels in hair can be influenced by both endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external) sources. Endogenous sources of strontium in hair originate from the body's strontium pools within blood and bones, while exogenous sources represent external environmental influences from aerosols, particulates, and environmental waters.

Strontium in a hair analysis can provide valuable information about an individual's body burden of strontium and its correlation with calcium levels in body tissues. Strontium levels in hair can be influenced by both endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external) sources. Endogenous sources of strontium in hair originate from the body's strontium pools within blood and bones, while exogenous sources represent external environmental influences from aerosols, particulates, and environmental waters.

Struvite is the crystal name for stones that form only in the presence of urease-producing bacteria (eg, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Corynebacterium species, Ureaplasma urealyticum) in the upper urinary tract.

Other names for this crystal type include "triple phosphate" and magnesium ammonium phosphate carbonate apatite. Struvite is found in approximately 1 percent of stones and is much more common in females than in males (due to the higher risk of urinary tract infections in females). 

Suberate, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.

Suberate, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.

Suberate, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.

Suberic Acid, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.

Dietary fatty acids are metabolized into fuel sources using beta-oxidation. Fatty acid conversion into Acetyl-CoA requires transport across the mitochondrial membrane via the carnitine shuttle.80 When beta-oxidation is impaired, fats are metabolized using an alternate pathway called omega-oxidation. Omega-oxidation results in elevated levels of dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid and suberic acid. Impaired beta-oxidation occurs in carnitine deficiency or enzymatic dysfunction due to lack of nutrient cofactors. Vitamin B2 and magnesium play a role in optimizing beta-oxidation.

Suberic Acid, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.

Suberic Acid, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.

- Suberic acid is present in the urine of people with fatty acid oxidation disorders.

- A metabolic breakdown product derived from oleic acid.

- Elevated levels of this unsaturated dicarboxylic acid are found in individuals with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD).

- Elevated in Schizophrenics

- People with metabolic syndrome or diabetes had significantly elevated adipic acid, suberic acid, lactic acid, and fumaric acid.

- Ketosis is sometimes accompanied by excessive excretion of adipic and suberic acid.

- Suberic acid is present in the urine of people with fatty acid oxidation disorders.

- A metabolic breakdown product derived from oleic acid.

- Elevated levels of this unsaturated dicarboxylic acid are found in individuals with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD).

- Elevated in Schizophrenics

- People with metabolic syndrome or diabetes had significantly elevated adipic acid, suberic acid, lactic acid, and fumaric acid.

- Ketosis is sometimes accompanied by excessive excretion of adipic and suberic acid.

Dietary fatty acids are metabolized into fuel sources using beta-oxidation. Fatty acid conversion into Acetyl-CoA requires transport across the mitochondrial membrane via the carnitine shuttle. When beta-oxidation is impaired, fats are metabolized using an alternate pathway called omega-oxidation. Omega-oxidation results in elevated levels of dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid and suberic acid. Impaired beta-oxidation occurs in carnitine deficiency or enzymatic dysfunction due to lack of nutrient cofactors. Vitamin B2 and magnesium play a role in optimizing beta-oxidation.

Dietary fatty acids are metabolized into fuel sources using beta-oxidation. Fatty acid conversion into Acetyl-CoA requires transport across the mitochondrial membrane via the carnitine shuttle. When beta-oxidation is impaired, fats are metabolized using an alternate pathway called omega-oxidation. Omega-oxidation results in elevated levels of dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid and suberic acid. Impaired beta-oxidation occurs in carnitine deficiency or enzymatic dysfunction due to lack of nutrient cofactors. Vitamin B2 and magnesium play a role in optimizing beta-oxidation.

Suberic acid is an important organic compound that can be measured to gain insights into metabolic processes within the body. It is a dicarboxylic acid, meaning it has two carboxyl groups (-COOH) at each end of its molecular structure. This compound is naturally produced during the breakdown of fatty acids, specifically through a process called beta-oxidation. Elevated levels of suberic acid in the body can indicate issues with fatty acid metabolism, which may be due to a deficiency in specific nutrients like carnitine, necessary for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are broken down for energy. Additionally, high suberic acid levels might suggest mitochondrial dysfunction, where the energy-producing organelles in cells are not working efficiently. This can result from various factors, including genetic conditions, nutrient deficiencies, or environmental toxins. Monitoring suberic acid levels can thus be a valuable tool for identifying metabolic imbalances and guiding nutritional and therapeutic interventions to restore optimal metabolic function.

Suberic Acid, Adipate, and Ethylmalonate elevations can indicate that you may need additional carnitine and/or vitamin B2 to assist your cells in converting fats into energy efficiently.