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Antigen Made From: Whole Buckwheat kernel Associated With: - Allergy - Baker’s asthma - Celiac disease - Contact urticaria - Gluten sensitivity - Nocturnal asthma Known Cross-Reactions: Latex, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65, Triiodothyronine (T3) Clinical Significance: The presence of antibodies to Buckwheat is an indication of food immune reactivity. The offending food and its known cross-reactive foods should be eliminated from the diet. Although a gluten-free grain, Buckwheat has been shown to be antigenic in celiac and non-celiac gluten-sensitive patients. Inhalation of Buckwheat flour has also been reported to trigger occupational asthma and childhood nocturnal asthma. Special consideration should be made for patients who work in the baking industry. Due to cross-reactions, patients with elevated antibodies against Buckwheat should not have contact with latex products. References: 1. Kim et al. Allergy/Intolerance to buckwheat and other food products among Swedish subjects with celiac disease. Proc. 9th Int’l Symp Buckwheat, Prague, 2004:705-709. 2. Göhte et al. Buckwheat allergy: health food, an inhalation health risk. Allergy, 2007; 38(3):155-159. 3. Wieslander and Norbäck. Buckwheat allergy. Allergy, 2001; 56:703-704. 4. Skerritt et al. Chemistry, coeliac-toxicity and detection of gluten and related prolamins in foods. Panminerva Med, 1991; 33(2):65-74. 5. Lee et al. Three cases of childhood nocturnal asthma due to buckwheat allergy. Allergy, 2001; 56:763-766. 6. De Maat-Bleeker and Stapel. Cross-reactivity between buckwheat and latex. Allergy, 1998; 53:538-539. 7. Kharrazian, et al. Detection of islet cell immune reactivity with low glycemic index foods: is this a concern for type 1 diabetes? J Diabetes Res, 2017; 2017:4124967. 8. Kharrazian, et al. Immunological reactivity using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies of autoimmune thyroid target sites with dietary proteins. J Thyroid Res, 2017; 2017:4354723.

Buckwheat IgG reactivity marker

Calculated ratio comparing kidney waste markers BUN and creatinine.

belongs to the paraben family

Short-chain fatty acid

Short-chain fatty acid

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced in the colon by the bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates, primarily dietary fiber. It serves as a primary energy source for colonocytes (cells of the colon) and has several important roles in maintaining gut health and overall well-being. Beneficial Effects: At appropriate levels, butyrate has several positive effects: → Gut Barrier Integrity: It helps maintain the integrity of the gut barrier, reducing the risk of "leaky gut" and associated inflammatory conditions. → Anti-inflammatory: Butyrate possesses anti-inflammatory properties that can help mitigate inflammation in the gut. → Cancer Prevention: It has been studied for its potential role in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. → Metabolic Health: Butyrate can improve insulin sensitivity and has other metabolic benefits.

a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) that plays a critical role in maintaining gut health, and its measurement can be an important marker on adult gut health tests. Produced by the fermentation of dietary fibers by beneficial gut bacteria, butyrate is primarily generated in the colon and acts as a key energy source for colonocytes, the cells lining the colon. By providing fuel for these cells, butyrate helps maintain the integrity of the gut barrier, preventing harmful substances from passing into the bloodstream and triggering inflammation. Low levels of butyrate on a gut health test could suggest a disruption in the balance of gut bacteria, often referred to as dysbiosis, which can contribute to various gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition to its role in nourishing colon cells, butyrate has strong anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. It helps regulate the immune response in the gut, preventing excessive inflammation that can lead to chronic diseases. It also supports the production of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune conditions. High levels of butyrate-producing bacteria are often associated with a healthier gut environment and may protect against metabolic conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, measuring butyrate levels can provide insight into both local gut health and broader systemic conditions. On a gut health test, butyrate levels can serve as an indicator of fiber intake and the presence of beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia. A healthy diet rich in prebiotic fibers, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, can promote the production of butyrate and improve overall gut health. Conversely, low butyrate levels might signal a need for dietary adjustments or probiotic supplementation to restore a healthy balance of gut flora.

produced as a result of the fermentation of dietary fiber.