Phosphoserine is the phosphorylated ester of the amino acid serine. The addition of a phosphoryl group to an amino acid, or its removal, plays a role in cell signaling and metabolism. Phosphoserine is a byproduct of glycolysis and subsequent intermediate to then become serine. The enzyme that catalyzes this step, phosphoserine phosphatase, is magnesium dependent. This metabolite is not to be confused with a similar-sounding metabolite, phosphatidylserine; this is a common CNS supplement and essential for neuronal cell membranes.

Phosphoserine is a product of glycolysis and is formed by amino group transfer from glutamic acid to phosphohydroxypyruvic acid.

Phosphoserine is a product of glycolysis and is formed by amino group transfer from glutamic acid to phosphohydroxypyruvic acid.

Phthalates, often known as plasticizers, are a group of chemicals used to make plastics more flexible and harder to break. They are widely used in cosmetics, adhesives, detergents, lubricating oils, automotive plastics, and plastic clothes. People are exposed to phthalates by eating or drinking contaminated foods but also by breathing in air that contains phthalate vapors or dusts.

Picolinate is a neurotransmitter metabolism marker and is produced under inflammatory conditions.

Other names: Picolinate

From the breakdown of hydroxykynurenine via ACMS decarboxylase

- Decreased picolinic acid and increased quinolinic acid blood levels noted in suicidal subjects.

- A tryptophan metabolite produced through non-enzymatic conversion.

Picolinate is a neurotransmitter metabolism marker and is produced under inflammatory conditions.

Picolinate is a neurotransmitter metabolism marker and is produced under inflammatory conditions.

Pimelic acid, found in urine, is a significant metabolic marker that provides insights into various biochemical processes within the body. This compound is a dicarboxylic acid that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of biotin, an essential B-vitamin necessary for numerous metabolic functions, including the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. 

Pimelic acids are excreted in elevated amounts in urine in disorders of mitochondrial beta-oxidation and disorders of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, for which they are of significant diagnostic value.

Pimelic acid originating from fatty acid synthesis pathway is a bona fide precursor of biotin in B. subtilis.

Oral ingestion of pineapple (in any form) may induce IgE-mediated allergic reactions, such as OAS or even severe reactions like anaphylaxis.

Bromelain is a specific pineapple antigen. When assessed alone it is more sensitive than measuring antibodies against many pineapple proteins.

The PLAC test is used to determine Lp-PLA2 in serum or plasma.

Lp-PLA2 stands for Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2.

The test is used to determine your cardiovascular risk disease, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke associated with atherosclerosis. In recent years, a number of studies have been published pointing to Lp-PLA2 as a marker for determining cardiovascular risk.

Lp-PLA2 activity is to be used in conjunction with clinical evaluation and a risk assessment as an aid in predicting risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in people with no prior history of cardiovascular events.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), also known as platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase, is an inflammatory enzyme that circulates bound mainly to low-density lipoproteins and has been found to be localized and enriched in atherosclerotic plaques. In multiple clinical trials, Lp-PLA2 activity has been shown to be an independent predictor of coronary heart disease and stroke in the general population. Measurement of Lp-PLA2 may be used along with traditional cardiovascular risk factor measures for identifying individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease events. Clinical management may include beginning or intensifying risk reduction strategies.

Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is a unique biomarker among the alkaline phosphatase isozymes, with significant clinical and research implications. This enzyme is primarily produced by the placenta during pregnancy and has distinctive characteristics that set it apart from other ALP isozymes.

PLAP is encoded by the ALPP gene and is a membrane-associated sialoglycoprotein enzyme. It is expressed at high concentrations in syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta, particularly during the third trimester of gestation. PLAP exists as a homodimer anchored to the apical and basal plasma membranes of syncytiotrophoblasts.