Explore our database of over 4000 laboratory markers.
Search and Understand 4000+ Biomarkers
Optimal range: 0 - 2.1 ELISA Index
Function:
Synapsin I, also known as phosphosynaspin I, is a major immunoreactive protein found in most neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is a member of a group of neuronal phosphoproteins involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Synapsin I is present in the nerve terminal of axons, specifically in the membranes of synaptic vesicles.
Antibodies Appear:
- Demyelinating Diseases
- Inhibited Neurotransmitter Release
- Lupus
- Multiple Sclerosis
Known Cross-Reactions:
Gliadin (a protein of wheat)
Optimal range: 0.1 - 1.5 ELISA Index
Function:
Synapsin I, also known as phosphosynaspin I, is a major immunoreactive protein found in most neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is a member of a group of neuronal phosphoproteins involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Synapsin I is present in the nerve terminal of axons, specifically in the membranes of synaptic vesicles.
Antibodies Appear:
- Demyelinating Diseases
- Inhibited Neurotransmitter Release
- Lupus
- Multiple Sclerosis
Known Cross-Reactions:
Gliadin (a protein of wheat)
Optimal range: 0 - 15 %
Synoviocytes are essential for joint health and the production of synovial fluid, but their percentage is not a standard component of synovial fluid analysis. Instead, the focus of this analysis is on the presence and percentages of white blood cells to diagnose joint-related conditions.
Reference range: Non Reactive, Reactive
Syphilis is a bacterial infection that is spread through sexual contact. The disease results in sores on or near the mouth or the genital area of the infected person. If not treated early, syphilis can lead to serious health consequences.
Syphilis is a common sexually transmitted disease. The most common symptom of syphilis is an open sore, which is generally referred to as a chancre. If you have syphilis symptoms, have had sexual contact with someone with syphilis, or are in an at-risk group for the disease, you can confirm your status with a simple blood test.
Testing is the only way to confirm a syphilis diagnosis.
Optimal range: 4 - 11 Ratio
The T Cell/B Cell Ratio is a sophisticated biomarker indicative of the adaptive immune system's balance and functionality. This ratio compares the quantity of T cells, which are primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity, to B cells, which are central to humoral immunity through antibody production.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.15 ug/mg creatinine
t,t-Muconic Acid (Trans, trans-muconic acid) is a Benzene Metabolite.
Sources of Exposure:
Natural component of crude and refined petroleum. Automotive emissions, poor emission-control devices on older vehicles, poor maintenance practices, automotive-refueling operations and industrial emissions. Discharge of industrial wastewater from chemical plants, chemical manufacturing sites, and petrochemical and petroleum industries.
Seepage from underground petroleum storage tanks, waste streams. By-product of various combustion processes - wood burning, organic wastes, tobacco smoke. First and second-hand smoke accounts for the largest source of benzene expsorue of the general public. The amount of benzene in a single cigarette may vary from 5.9-90 micrograms.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.1 ng/g
T-2 Toxin is a tricothecene produced by species of Fusarium and is one of the rare and deadlier toxins. If ingested in sufficient quantity, T-2 toxin can severely damage the entire digestive tract and cause rapid death due to internal hemorrhage. T-2 has been implicated in the human diseases alimentary toxic aleukia and pulmonary hemosiderosis. Damage caused by T-2 toxin is often permanent.
Reference range: Negative, Positive
The T-Spot TB test is a unique, single-visit blood test for tuberculosis (TB) that offers the opportunity to detect latent TB before it activates. The test is effective with immunocompromised and BCG-vaccinated patient populations and is the only IGRA without a warning or limitation for screening immunocompromised individuals.
Optimal range: 0 - 3 U/mL , 0.00 - 100.00 ug/g
A tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTg-IgA) test is used to help doctors diagnose celiac disease or to see how well people with the condition are doing.
Optimal range: 0 - 5 U/mL
A tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTg-IgA) test is used to help doctors diagnose celiac disease or to see how well people with the condition are doing.
Optimal range: 0.5 - 3 Ratio
The Testosterone to Epi-Testosterone ratio (T/Epi-T), a critical metric in male hormonal assessment, is a pivotal component of the ZRT Laboratory Urinary Neurotransmitters panel, emphasizing its importance in the field of men's health and endocrinology. This ratio, which compares the levels of testosterone (the primary male sex hormone) to epi-testosterone (a non-androgenic counterpart), is essential in evaluating hormonal balance and health in men. In clinical practice, the T/Epi-T ratio is particularly insightful, as it helps in identifying abnormalities in steroid metabolism and potential hormonal imbalances.
Reference range: Class 0 (0-0.10 kU/L), Class 0/I (0.10-0.31 kU/L), Class I (0.32-0.55 kU/L), Class II (0.56-1.40 kU/L), Class III (1.41-3.90 kU/L), Class IV (3.91-19.00 kU/L), Class V (19.01-100 kU/L), Class VI (>100 kU/L)
Oak (genus Quercus) comprises roughly 450 different species of ornamental and timber trees and shrubs. Shedding substantial amounts of pollen that spreads via wind, oaks are commonly allergenic and may cause severe reactions. Widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, oaks produce pollen that is a major cause of hay fever (i.e., allergic rhinitis) symptoms.
Residing in urban, residential, and forest areas, oak trees are scattered across North America, the West Indies, Central America, Eurasia, and portions of Africa and South America.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.15 Units
T2 Toxin are trichothecene mycotoxins and are the only mycotoxins that have been used in biological warfare. They can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and intestinal hemorrhage, as well as changes in reproductive cycles and infertility. This mycotoxin is known to decrease testosterone.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.15 Units
T2 Toxin are trichothecene mycotoxins and are the only mycotoxins that have been used in biological warfare. They can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and intestinal hemorrhage, as well as changes in reproductive cycles and infertility. This mycotoxin is known to decrease testosterone.
Optimal range: 0.8 - 2 ng/mL
T3, or Triiodothyronine, is a vital hormone in a thyroid panel, measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). It is essential for diagnosing and monitoring thyroid disorders like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. High T3 levels may indicate hyperthyroidism, causing symptoms like weight loss and increased heart rate. Low levels suggest hypothyroidism, leading to weight gain and fatigue. Monitoring T3 is crucial for effective thyroid disorder management and treatment.
Optimal range: 8 - 25 ng/dL
T3 Reverse, measured through the highly accurate LC/MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry) method, is an essential test in the realm of endocrinology, particularly for evaluating thyroid function and metabolic disorders. Reverse T3 (rT3) is a specific form of the thyroid hormone that is often checked in patients with suspected thyroid dysfunction, especially in the context of non-thyroidal illness syndrome or euthyroid sick syndrome.
