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Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
4-hydroxyphenyllactate is present in relatively higher concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
4-hydroxyphenyllactate is present in relatively higher concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia.
Optimal range: 0 - 2 mmol/mol creatinine
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 6 mmol/mol creatinine
AKA: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, 4-HPPA
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the breakdown of phenylalanine.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is converted to homogentisate; a blockage at this step results in increased homogentisate, which can be diagnostic of alkaptonuria.
If the pathway is not blocked, 4-HPPA ends up in the Krebs cycle converted into fumaric acid.
Optimal range: 0 - 355.9 nmol/mg Creatinine
AKA: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate, 4-HPPA
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the breakdown of phenylalanine.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is converted to homogentisate; a blockage at this step results in increased homogentisate, which can be diagnostic of alkaptonuria.
If the pathway is not blocked, 4-HPPA ends up in the Krebs cycle converted into fumaric acid.
Optimal range: 0.04 - 0.5 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.09 - 1 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.09 - 0.54 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.01 - 0.5 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.02 - 0.5 Ratio
4-M-E2 (4-Methoxyestradiol) and 4-OH-E2 (4-Hydroxyestradiol) are two important estrogen metabolites whose levels are of particular interest in post-menopausal women, especially when assessed through a Hormone and Urinary Metabolites Assessment Profile. This profile is designed to evaluate the balance and metabolism of hormones, providing valuable insights into a woman's health status after menopause.
Optimal range: 0.04 - 0.54 Ratio
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0.05 - 0.13 Ratio
Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.
Optimal range: 0.1 - 0.29 Ratio
Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.
Optimal range: 0.25 - 0.42 Ratio
Healthy Phase II metabolism methylates 2-hydroxy (2-OH) estrogens to the more cancer-protective 2-methoxy (2-MeO) forms, and neutralizes the potentially carcinogenic 4-OH estrogens to their 4-MeO forms.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.04 µg/g
4-Methoxyestradiol (4-ME2) is an endogenous, naturally occurring methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estradiol that is formed by catechol O-methyltransferase via the intermediate 4-hydroxyestradiol.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.04 µg/g
Neutralized version of carcinogenic 4-OH-E1
Optimal range: 0.013 - 0.034 ng/mg Creat/Day
Methyl metabolites are considered inactive and are correlated with antiproliferative effects. Proper elimination of 4-M-E2 requires optimal excretion via GI tract optimization. To fully understand this value, it may be beneficial to examine the 4-M-E2 / 4-OH-E2 ratio.
Optimal range: 0.001 - 0.004 ng/mg Creat/Day
4-Methoxyestradiol is a metabolite of estradiol. 4-Methoxyestradiol is analyzed for its concentration and metabolic behavior in the human body. This analysis is vital for understanding its biological role and implications in various physiological and pathological processes. As an endogenous non-steroidal estrogen metabolite, 4-Methoxyestradiol possesses distinct properties, differing from its parent compound estradiol in terms of receptor affinity and biological activity.
