Total Cholesterol represents the combined level of cholesterol in the blood, encompassing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. Cholesterol is a type of lipid essential for various bodily functions, including the formation of cell membranes, production of hormones, and synthesis of vitamin D.

Your total cholesterol score is calculated using the following equation: HDL + LDL + 20 percent of your triglyceride level.

With HDL cholesterol, higher levels are better. Low HDL cholesterol puts you at a higher risk for heart disease. With LDL cholesterol, lower levels are better. High LDL cholesterol puts you at a higher risk for heart disease.

Elevated levels of Cholesterol in the stool may indicate inadequate absorption.

The total cholesterol /HDL ratio is the proportion of one type of cholesterol to all the other cholesterol in the blood. Total cholesterol includes three substances HDL, LDL, and VLDL. 

The total commensal abundance is a sum-total of the reported commensal bacteria compared to a healthy cohort. Low levels of commensal bacteria are often observed after antimicrobial therapy, or in diets lacking fiber and/or prebiotic-rich foods and may indicate the need for microbiome support. Conversely, higher total commensal abundance may indicate potential bacteria overgrowth or probiotic supplementation.

The Total Coronary Score, often referred to as the Agatston score, in a Coronary Calcium Scan is a critical quantitative measure that encapsulates the cumulative burden of calcified plaque within the coronary arteries. This score is derived from a computed tomography (CT) scan, specifically designed to detect calcium deposits in the coronary arteries, which are a hallmark of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). The Agatston method, named after its inventor, Dr. Arthur Agatston, assigns a density factor to each segment of detectable calcification, and this factor is multiplied by the area of the calcification to generate a score for each lesion. These individual lesion scores are then summed to obtain the total coronary calcium score. The higher the score, the greater the extent of calcification and, consequently, the higher the risk of future cardiac events such as myocardial infarction.

Cortisol is a stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands and is the primary agent used in our body’s flight or fight response to threatening stimuli.

The inactive or “storage form” of adrenal glucocorticoid. Can be reversibly transformed to cortisol. Clinically, cortisone may reflect a measure of adrenal reserve when compared to cortisol. Ideally, cortisone will be about 30% higher than cortisol when both are at optimal levels. Values at the high end or low end of the reference range are generally not optimal.

Total Cytotoxic NK (Natural Killer) cells, identified by the CD16+ marker, represent a crucial component in the innate immune system, playing a significant role in the body's first line of defense against tumors and virally infected cells.

NK cells, characterized by their expression of the CD16 surface marker, are involved in the direct killing of target cells without the need for prior sensitization, distinguishing them from other lymphocytes that require antigen presentation. They are pivotal in controlling early responses to infection and malignancy through the release of cytolytic granules that induce apoptosis in target cells.

DHEA is often called the anti-aging hormone. It’s made in the adrenal glands naturally and levels hit their peak in your 20s. They start to dwindle after you hit 30. Estrogen and testosterone are created from DHEA.

Total estrogen is a reliable test for estrogen status and is used to detect hormone imbalances.

Estrogen is known as the “female” hormone. The four major naturally occurring estrogens in women are estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4).

Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. There are three major endogenous estrogens in females that have estrogenic hormonal activity: estrone, estradiol, and estriol. The estrane steroid estradiol is the most potent and prevalent of these. In addition to their role as natural hormones, estrogens are used as medications, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy and hormonal birth control.

Estrogen is known as the “female” hormone. The four major naturally occurring estrogens in women are estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4).

Although estrogen is identified with females, it is also found in men.

The marker "Total Estrogen Load" in a FU Female FMV Urine Comprehensive Hormone Panel is a critical measure for assessing the overall estrogenic activity in a woman's body. This comprehensive assessment quantifies the cumulative levels of estrogens, including estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3), over an entire menstrual cycle.

Estrogens are key hormones in female reproductive health, influencing menstrual cycle regulation, fertility, and secondary sexual characteristics. In a clinical setting, analyzing the total estrogen load is vital for diagnosing and managing conditions such as estrogen dominance, where there is an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone levels, often leading to symptoms like irregular menstrual cycles, fibrocystic breasts, mood swings, and weight gain.

Total estrogen is a reliable test for estrogen status and is used to detect hormone imbalances.

Estrogen is known as the “female” hormone. The four major naturally occurring estrogens in women are estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4).

The Fecal Fat test helps your doctor identify if you have pancreatic or intestinal disorders. It can also show that enzymes, which are prescribed are working in the case of known malabsorption disorders.

Since most of the dietary fat is composed of triglycerides, excess fecal triglyceride levels indicate incomplete fat hydrolysis (maldigestion). This is possibly due to inadequate pancreatic secretion or activation of pancreatic lipase, which can cause excessive, unhydrolyzed triglycerides to be excreted in the feces.

Glutathione is an antioxidant, a type of chemical which helps to boost your immune system as well as prevent and reverse cellular damage.  Unlike most antioxidants which come from the food you eat, glutathione is naturally produced by the body in the liver. Glutathione plays a number of roles in overall health including boosting the immune system, helping to break down nutrients in food, and protecting against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinsons, diabetes, some types of cancer, and heart disease.  

Glutathione is an antioxidant, a type of chemical which helps to boost your immune system as well as prevent and reverse cellular damage.  Unlike most antioxidants which come from the food you eat, glutathione is naturally produced by the body in the liver. Glutathione plays a number of roles in overall health including boosting the immune system, helping to break down nutrients in food, and protecting against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinsons, diabetes, some types of cancer, and heart disease.