Browse by condition.

Early Pregnancy Loss

Elevated PSA

Encephalitis

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition characterized by abnormal thickening of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) due to prolonged exposure to estrogen without adequate progesterone. It is a common gynecologic condition and is considered a precancerous state in certain forms, particularly when cellular atypia is present. The condition most often occurs in women with hormonal imbalance — especially those experiencing anovulation, perimenopause, or obesity. Because progesterone normally counteracts estrogen’s proliferative effects on the endometrium, insufficient progesterone leads to continuous endometrial growth, increasing the risk of abnormal bleeding and, in some cases, progression to endometrial cancer. Early identification and appropriate management are critical, as many cases are reversible, while others require closer surveillance or definitive treatment.

Endometriosis

Understanding Endometriosis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Endometriosis is a chronic health condition that affects millions of women worldwide. This condition occurs when tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus, known as the endometrium, starts to grow outside the uterus. Common sites for these growths include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis. In rare cases, endometrial tissue can spread beyond the pelvic organs. Endometriosis can cause significant pain, menstrual irregularities, and fertility issues, making it essential to understand the condition thoroughly. Symptoms of Endometriosis The symptoms of endometriosis can vary greatly among women, and some may experience severe symptoms while others have mild or no symptoms at all. The most common symptom is pelvic pain, often associated with menstrual periods. This pain can be far more intense than typical menstrual cramps and may begin before and extend several days into the period. Other symptoms include pain during intercourse, pain with bowel movements or urination, and excessive bleeding.

Eosinophilia

Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Epilepsy

Understanding Epilepsy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, epilepsy arises from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. This condition can significantly impact daily life, making it essential to understand its symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. With the right knowledge and management strategies, individuals with epilepsy can lead fulfilling lives. Symptoms of Epilepsy The hallmark symptom of epilepsy is recurrent seizures, which can vary widely in type and severity. Seizures are categorized into focal seizures, which start in one area of the brain, and generalized seizures, which affect both sides of the brain. Symptoms of focal seizures may include unusual sensations, repetitive movements, and changes in behavior or awareness.

Epstein-Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a widespread and persistent herpesvirus, is primarily known for causing Infectious Mononucleosis, often referred to as "Mono" or the "kissing disease." EBV, discovered in 1964, is remarkably prevalent, infecting over 90% of the global adult population. The virus is typically transmitted through bodily fluids, particularly saliva, which is why Mono has garnered its nickname. Once infected, individuals may experience a range of symptoms, including but not limited to fatigue, fever, inflamed throat, swollen lymph nodes, and an enlarged spleen. These symptoms usually manifest four to six weeks after exposure and can vary in intensity and duration. Interestingly, EBV can also remain dormant in the body and potentially reactivate later in life, though usually without symptoms. Moreover, the virus has been linked to certain types of cancers and autoimmune diseases, making its study crucial in medical research. Vaccines against EBV are currently under development, aiming to reduce the risks associated with the virus.

Erectile Dysfunction

ESBL Infection

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency

Understanding Essential Fatty Acid (EFA) Deficiency Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency occurs when the body does not receive enough essential fatty acids, which are vital for numerous biological functions. EFAs, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are critical components of cell membranes and play significant roles in inflammation regulation, brain function, and skin health. Since the human body cannot synthesize these fatty acids, they must be obtained through diet. A deficiency in EFAs can lead to a range of health problems, including impaired cognitive function, poor skin health, and immune dysfunction. This condition is often seen in individuals with specific dietary restrictions, malabsorption disorders, or those on intravenous feeding without adequate fat supplementation. Symptoms and Diagnosis of EFA Deficiency The symptoms of EFA deficiency can vary but commonly include dry, scaly skin, brittle hair, and poor wound healing.

Essential Thrombocythaemia

Essential Thrombocythemia

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) — also spelled essential thrombocythaemia — is a chronic bone marrow disorder that causes the body to produce too many platelets. It is usually first detected on a routine blood test showing a persistently high platelet count. While ET can increase the risk of blood clots, most people have few symptoms and can live a normal life expectancy with appropriate monitoring and treatment. Unlike reactive thrombocytosis — where platelet count rises temporarily in response to infection, inflammation, or iron deficiency — ET is a clonal disorder driven by an acquired genetic mutation in bone marrow stem cells. The primary treatment goal is reducing the risk of blood clot complications rather than eliminating the disease.

Estrogen Deficiency

Estrogen Dominance

Estrogen dominance refers to a state of hormonal imbalance in which estrogen activity outweighs the effects of progesterone — either due to elevated estrogen levels, insufficient progesterone, or both. It is not a formal medical diagnosis but a widely used clinical concept that helps explain a range of symptoms related to hormonal imbalance, particularly in women of reproductive age and during perimenopause. Estrogen dominance is common and often under-recognized. It can result from endogenous hormone dysregulation (such as anovulation), metabolic factors (such as obesity and insulin resistance), impaired estrogen metabolism or clearance, or exogenous estrogen exposure (including medications and environmental endocrine disruptors). Because estrogen and progesterone must function in balance to regulate the menstrual cycle, endometrial health, and ovulation, disruption of this balance can contribute to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and estrogen-driven conditions such as fibroids and endometriosis.