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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Neonatal Herpes

Neonatal herpes is a rare but potentially life-threatening infection in newborns caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), usually transmitted during vaginal delivery if the mother has an active genital herpes infection. Although uncommon, neonatal herpes requires urgent medical attention due to the risk of severe complications, including: Skin, eye, and mouth infections Central nervous system involvement (encephalitis) Disseminated infection affecting multiple organs Symptoms in newborns may include: Skin blisters Fever or lethargy Poor feeding Irritability Seizures in severe cases The risk of transmission is highest when a mother acquires HSV late in pregnancy or has active lesions at delivery. Prevention strategies include: Screening and monitoring during pregnancy Antiviral therapy in late pregnancy for known HSV infection Cesarean delivery if active genital lesions are present Early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous antiviral therapy (e.g., acyclovir) significantly improve outcomes. While neonatal herpes is serious, it is rare, and proper prenatal care greatly reduces risk.

Neonatal Jaundice

Neonatal Lupus

Nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common causes of low albumin, heavy proteinuria, and unexplained swelling—and is often first detected through routine lab testing. It is a kidney disease characterized by excessive protein loss in the urine (typically more than 3.5 grams per day). This occurs when the kidneys’ filtering units become damaged and less effective, allowing large amounts of protein to pass into the urine. Because this protein loss disrupts normal fluid balance, it leads to a recognizable set of findings: low blood albumin (hypoalbuminemia), fluid retention (edema), high cholesterol and triglycerides (hyperlipidemia), and fat in the urine (lipiduria).

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative Diseases: Understanding a Complex Health Category Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of conditions that involve the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, the specialized cells that make up the brain and nervous system. These diseases often worsen over time and can affect movement, cognition, behavior, and vital bodily functions, depending on which parts of the nervous system are involved. Because the nervous system controls so many aspects of health—from memory to muscle strength—neurodegenerative disorders can lead to profound disability, loss of independence, and, in many cases, reduced lifespan. Despite their complexity, advances in diagnostics, biomarker testing, and disease-modifying therapies are offering new hope for earlier detection and more personalized management. Common Neurodegenerative Diseases Neurodegenerative conditions vary widely in their symptoms and rate of progression. Some of the most recognized diseases in this category include: 1.

Neuroinflammatory disorders

Neuroinflammatory disorders are conditions in which the immune system triggers chronic inflammation within the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. While inflammation is a normal immune response to injury or infection, excessive or misdirected inflammation in the nervous system can damage neurons, disrupt communication between brain cells, and contribute to a wide range of neurological symptoms and diseases. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a root cause or contributing factor in many chronic neurological conditions. It can arise from autoimmune activation, chronic infections, metabolic stress, environmental toxins, or gut-brain axis dysregulation.

Neutropenia

Neutrophilia

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) / NASH

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse group of blood cancers that originate in the lymphatic system, a vital part of the immune system responsible for defending the body against infections and diseases. Unlike Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL consists of multiple subtypes, each with distinct characteristics and behaviors. The two primary categories are B-cell lymphomas, which arise from abnormal B lymphocytes, and T-cell lymphomas, originating from T lymphocytes. B-cell lymphomas are the most common, making up the majority of NHL cases. While NHL can develop at any age, its risk increases with age, and it is more frequently diagnosed in men than women. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) causes the abnormal growth and accumulation of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, which can lead to the formation of tumors in the lymph nodes and other parts of the body, disrupting the normal function of the immune system and other organs. The symptoms of NHL can vary widely depending on the subtype and the areas affected.

Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome (Sick Euthyroid Syndrome)

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH)

Understanding Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia (NKH) What is Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia (NKH)? Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia (NKH), also known as glycine encephalopathy, is a rare genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to process glycine, an amino acid essential for protein synthesis. This disruption leads to an abnormal accumulation of glycine in various tissues and organs, particularly in the brain, resulting in severe neurological issues. Types and Severity of NKH NKH can be classified into two main forms: Classical Form Severe Subtype: More common and presents serious symptoms, often leading to significant neurological damage and life-threatening complications. Attenuated (Mild) Subtype: While still serious, this form may allow for some developmental progress, though affected children may experience delayed milestones and other neurological challenges. Variant Form: This form presents with different clinical features and may have varying severity. Symptoms and Diagnosis Symptoms of NKH typically manifest shortly after birth or within the first few months of life.