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Jaundice
Jaundice: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Jaundice is a condition characterized by a yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. It is not a disease itself but rather a symptom of underlying liver, gallbladder, or blood-related conditions. What Causes Jaundice? Jaundice occurs when there is an imbalance in bilirubin metabolism. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment formed during the breakdown of red blood cells. It is processed by the liver and excreted in bile. When this process is disrupted, bilirubin accumulates in the body, leading to jaundice. The primary causes of jaundice include: Liver Diseases Hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, autoimmune) – Inflammation of the liver impairs bilirubin processing. Cirrhosis – Scarring of the liver affects its ability to remove bilirubin. Liver Cancer – Tumors may obstruct bile flow. Bile Duct Obstruction Gallstones – Blockage of the bile duct prevents bilirubin from being excreted. Pancreatic or Biliary Tract Tumors – These can compress bile ducts, leading to jaundice.
View conditionJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
WHAT IS JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (JIA)? Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of chronic arthritis in children and adolescents. It causes persistent joint inflammation (swelling, pain, and stiffness) that begins before age 16 and lasts at least six weeks. The term "idiopathic" means the exact cause is unknown, though it involves the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy joint tissues. JIA is not a single disease but rather a group of related conditions with different subtypes, each having distinct characteristics, symptoms, and treatment approaches. While JIA shares some features with adult rheumatoid arthritis, it is a separate condition with unique patterns and outcomes.
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