a diagnostic criterion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
The DNA AB Double Stranded (dsDNA) titer is a laboratory test used to detect the presence of autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA in the blood. These autoantibodies are often associated with autoimmune diseases, most notably Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). A positive titer is considered a hallmark for the diagnosis of SLE and can correlate with disease activity, especially in relation to lupus nephritis or kidney involvement. While strongly linked with SLE, anti-dsDNA antibodies can occasionally appear in other autoimmune conditions. Interpretation of the test result should always be in the context of clinical symptoms, other laboratory findings, and the expertise of a rheumatologist or relevant specialist.
Useful to evaluate patients with signs and symptoms consistent with lupus erythematosus (SLE). Of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-specific antibodies the antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is the most common. Testing for IgG antibodies to dsDNA is indicated in patients positive for anti-cellular antibody (ie, antinuclear antibody: ANA) homogeneous pattern using HEp-2 substrate by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) along with clinical features compatible with SLE. A minority of SLE patients may test negative using HEp-2 by IFA for nuclear antibodies. Testing antibodies associated with HEp-2 IFA cytoplasmic pattern such as ribosomal P IgG autoantibodies may be useful if features of neuropsychiatric disease are present. Alternatively, patients may be tested for Smith, ribonucleoprotein, SSA-52, and SSA-60 antibodies. The levels of antibodies to dsDNA may fluctuate with SLE disease activity. Increasing antibody levels may be associated with flares while decline or negative results may indicate response to treatment or disease remission.
The marker "DNT/gamma-delta" on a T Cell Monitoring & Activation panel refers to a unique subset of T cells that lack both CD4 and CD8 coreceptors (thus termed "double-negative T cells" or DNTs) and express the gamma-delta T cell receptor (TCR). Gamma-delta T cells are distinct from the more common alpha-beta T cells found in the adaptive immune system. They play an important role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Unlike alpha-beta T cells, which recognize antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, gamma-delta T cells can recognize a wide range of antigens, including non-peptide antigens, lipid antigens, and even stressed or damaged self-cells without the need for antigen processing and presentation. This ability allows them to respond rapidly to infection and cellular stress, making them crucial in early immune responses against pathogens, tumors, and other abnormalities. DNTs, especially those expressing the gamma-delta TCR, are involved in maintaining immune homeostasis, promoting tissue repair, and regulating inflammation. Elevated levels of DNT/gamma-delta T cells can indicate an active response to infection, inflammation, or malignancy. Conversely, aberrant regulation or depletion of these cells has been linked to autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and impaired immune surveillance. Therefore, monitoring the levels and activation status of DNT/gamma-delta T cells can provide valuable insights into the state of the immune system, potential infections, inflammatory conditions, and cancerous processes, making them a critical component of comprehensive T cell monitoring panels.
An omega-6 fatty acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the omega-3 fatty acids.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the omega-3 fatty acids.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
A lesser known member of the omega-3 family.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
A lesser known member of the omega-3 family.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
A Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
Omega-6 Fatty Acids
A Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid