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Optimal range: 1.19 - 10 wt %
Dihomogamma Linolenic Acid (DGLA) is the elongation product of Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA).
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) is a fatty acid and part of the Omega-6 fatty acids family. Those fatty acids can predominatentely be found in vegetable oils, grains, most meats and dairy.
DGLA is a strong anti-inflammatory.
Optimal range: 1.02 - 5 wt %
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) is a 20-carbon omega-6 with 3 double bonds (20:3n6) derived from the essential linolenic acid. LA is metabolized to GLA, which is rapidly elongated to DGLA. There are only trace amounts of DGLA found in organ meats, otherwise it must be synthesized from GLA. The inability to convert precursor fatty acids to DGLA is associated with various pathologic and physiologic conditions such as aging, diabetes, alcoholism, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
Optimal range: 0.5 - 2.5 %
Dihomogamma Linolenic Acid (DGLA) is the elongation product of Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA).
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) is a fatty acid and part of the Omega-6 fatty acids family. Those fatty acids can predominatentely be found in vegetable oils, grains, most meats and dairy.
DGLA is a strong anti-inflammatory.
Optimal range: 27 - 140 µmol/L
Dihomogamma Linolenic Acid (DGLA) is the elongation product of Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA).
Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) is a fatty acid and part of the Omega-6 fatty acids family. Those fatty acids can predominatentely be found in vegetable oils, grains, most meats and dairy.
DGLA is a strong anti-inflammatory.
Optimal range: 0 - 0.3 mg/L
LEARN MOREOptimal range: 0 - 12.4 ng/g
Dihydrocitrinone is a metabolite of Citrinin (CTN), which is a mycotoxin that is produced by mold species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus.
CTN exposure can lead to nephropathy, because of its ability to increase permeability of mitochondrial membranes in the kidneys. The three most common exposure routes are through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.
CTN has been shown to be carcinogenic in rat studies. Multiple studies have linked CTN exposure to a suppression of the immune response.
Optimal range: 0 - 9.3 ng/g
Dihydrocitrinone (DHC) is a metabolite of Citrinin (CTN), which is a mycotoxin produced by several fungal strains in the Penicillium, Aspergillus and Monascus genera and found in stored grains and other food products. Citrinin has nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects, and often occurs in combination with ochratoxin A. Studies show that dihydrocitrinone (DHC) has a signicantly reduced cytotoxic and genotoxic potential as compared to CTN. Thus, DHC is considered a detoxication related step of CIT metabolism.
Optimal range: 0 - 3.2 ng/mg CR
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a key androgenic marker providing critical insights into androgen metabolism and its implications in female health. DHT, a biologically active metabolite of testosterone, is formed primarily in peripheral tissues through the action of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase. Despite being commonly associated with male physiology, DHT plays a significant role in women, particularly in hair follicle health, skin condition, and overall hormonal balance. Elevated levels of DHT in women can lead to androgenic effects such as hirsutism (excessive hair growth in areas typical for males), acne, and in some cases, androgenic alopecia (pattern hair loss). These symptoms are often observed in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by an overproduction of androgens.
Optimal range: 4 - 22 ng/dL , 40 - 220 pg/mL
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the most potent androgen hormone and is present in women in small amounts, produced primarily through conversion of testosterone by the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase in the ovaries, skin, and other peripheral tissues. In females, DHT is measured when there are signs of androgen excess — such as unwanted hair growth, acne, scalp hair thinning, or irregular periods — or when conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are being evaluated. Normal DHT levels in adult women typically range from approximately 4–22 ng/dL (40–220 pg/mL), though reference ranges vary by laboratory and age.
Optimal range: 30 - 85 ng/dL
Dihydrotestosterone is a hormone that stimulates the development of male characteristics
Optimal range: 0 - 3.5 mmol/mol creatinine
HVA and DOPAC are the major metabolites of dopamine.
Optimal range: 0.07 - 4 mmol/mol creatinine
HVA and DOPAC are the major metabolites of dopamine.
Optimal range: 0.27 - 1.9 mmol/mol creatinine
HVA and DOPAC are the major metabolites of dopamine.
Optimal range: 0.13 - 4.9 mmol/mol creatinine
HVA and DOPAC are the major metabolites of dopamine.
Optimal range: 0 - 5.3 mmol/mol creatinine
Dihydroxyphenylpropionic Acid (DHPPA), also known as 3,4 dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, is a byproduct of the fermentation of dietary phenols by several bacteria, including some Clostridia spp. and others. Although once thought to identify the presence of specific dysbiotic bacteria, ongoing research suggests there are several bacterial species potentially involved.
Optimal range: 0 - 5.3 mmol/mol creatinine
Produced when Clostridia acts upon unabsorbed tryptophan, tyrosine or phenylalanine.
Optimal range: 0.3 - 1.7 ELISA Index
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