Explore 10,000+ laboratory markers, in plain English.

a fungal metabolite

What is Enniatin B1? Enniatin B1 (ENN B1) is a type of mycotoxin—a toxic compound produced by certain molds, most often species of Fusarium. These molds can contaminate grains, cereals, and other plant-based foods, especially when crops are stored in warm or humid conditions. ENN B1 belongs to a group of related toxins called enniatins, which are considered “emerging mycotoxins” because they are not yet routinely regulated but are increasingly recognized for their potential health effects. Testing urine for ENN B1 provides a measure of recent dietary or environmental exposure to this toxin. Why Does ENN B1 Exposure Matter? While enniatins like ENN B1 are less well studied than some other mold toxins (such as aflatoxins or ochratoxin A), research suggests they may: Disrupt cell membranes, leading to impaired nutrient absorption and cellular function Act as ionophores (compounds that alter ion balance across membranes), which can affect energy production in cells Contribute to immune system changes, potentially lowering resilience to infections Accumulate through repeated dietary exposure, adding to the body’s total toxic burden Health Effects of Enniatin B1 Animal and laboratory studies suggest that ENN B1 may be linked to: Digestive issues such as nausea, vomiting, or reduced nutrient absorption Weakened immune function Cellular stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may contribute to fatigue or low energy Potential synergistic effects when combined with other mycotoxins, increasing overall toxicity Human studies are still limited, but because enniatins often appear alongside other mycotoxins in food, they may play a role in chronic, low-level toxin exposure. Why Test for ENN B1? Testing for Enniatin B1 is most helpful if you: Eat a diet high in grains, cereals, or processed foods that may be contaminated with Fusarium molds Experience digestive problems, fatigue, or lowered immunity without a clear cause Live in areas with humid climates or poor food storage conditions, which favor mold growth Are completing a Total Tox Burden or Mycotoxins panel to assess combined exposure to multiple mold toxins Key Takeaway Elevated Enniatin B1 levels in urine suggest dietary or environmental exposure to Fusarium mold toxins. While ENN B1 is considered an emerging mycotoxin with ongoing research into its health effects, reducing exposure is wise. Choosing high-quality grains, improving food storage, and limiting mold-contaminated foods can help lower risk and reduce your overall toxic burden.

intestinal amebae that are found in the large intestine

E. hartmanni is generally considered nonpathogenic or commensal. It lives in the large intestine of humans, mainly at the level of the cecum and feeds on bacteria. Infection occurs via fecal-oral route, and indicates increased risk of exposure to potential pathogens. Natural treatment agents include garlic, berberine, and quassia.

a disease-causing parasite

Increased risk of bone and neurological disorders

Epidemiology: → Fecal contamination of ingested foods or water → Pets may be a source of exposure → Sexual contact may be a source of exposure Clinical Implications: → Symptoms include diarrhea, fulminating colitis (resembling ulcerative colitis), and dysentery → Extreme cases may invade liver and lung tissues

a protozoan parasite

associated with cases of acute or persistent diarrhea