The Intestinal Fraction on Labcorp's Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Isoenzyme Panel represents the portion of alkaline phosphatase derived from the intestines. Elevated levels of the intestinal fraction may be observed after meals, especially in individuals with blood types B or O who are secretors, as they tend to have higher levels of intestinal ALP following food intake. This isoenzyme is measured to help determine the source of elevated ALP levels and to assess gastrointestinal health. By differentiating the intestinal fraction from other sources of ALP, such as the liver or bone, healthcare providers can better understand the cause of elevated enzyme levels and investigate potential gastrointestinal disorders or other related conditions. The ALP isoenzyme panel's precise measurement of this fraction can guide clinicians in diagnosing conditions related to the intestinal system.

Intestinal isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase are biomarkers that indicate the presence of specific forms of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme within the intestine. This biomarker is significant in assessing the health and function of the intestinal system, as alkaline phosphatase is involved in various physiological processes, including the absorption of nutrients and the maintenance of gut health.

Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 within distal ileum.

Clinical Significance:

Autoantibodies against Intrinsic Factor are considered highly specific to patients with Pernicious Anemia. Intrinsic Factor antibodies are rarely found in the absence of Pernicious Anemia. Less commonly, Intrinsic Factor antibodies may also be found in patients with Graves’ disease and in relatives of patients with Pernicious Anemia.

Intrinsic factor antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that are associated with pernicious anemia. This test detects intrinsic factor antibody (IF antibody) circulating in blood.

Intrinsic factor is a protein that is produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It binds to vitamin B12, thereby allowing absorption of the vitamin by intestinal cells. In pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disorder, autoantibodies are formed against intrinsic factor leading to its deficiency. The lack of intrinsic factor then causes malabsorption of vitamin B12 and subsequent anemia. Autoantibodies can also be formed directly against the parietal cells which similarly leads to inadequate intrinsic factor activity and vitamin B12 deficiency.

Iodamoeba buetschlii is considered nonpathogenic or commensal. Infection occurs via fecal-oral route, and indicates increased risk of
exposure to potential pathogens.

Iodine is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in thyroid function. The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are responsible for controlling growth, repairing damaged cells, and supporting a healthy metabolism.

Iodine is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in thyroid function. The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are responsible for controlling growth, repairing damaged cells, and supporting a healthy metabolism.

Iodine is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in thyroid function. The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are responsible for controlling growth, repairing damaged cells, and supporting a healthy metabolism.

Monitor exposure to iodine; evaluate for iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), excessive iodine intake, or iodine in the workplace

Iodine is an essential element for thyroid hormone production. The Iodine 24 Hour Urine Test measures the amount of iodine excreted from the body. It monitors a person’s exposure to iodine and evaluates for iodine deficiency disorders, excessive iodine intake or iodine in the workplace.

Because levels of substances like iodine can fluctuate throughout the day, evaluating a urine collection over 24 hours can provide a more accurate evaluation than a urine test which only looks at a single collection.

Urinary Iodine levels can help determine if a person is getting healthy amounts of iodine from the food they eat.  Unusually high or low levels of iodine can lead to a number of disorders such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

This test is usually ordered when someone has had irregular results from thyroid tests such as TSH, T3 and T4. Pregnant and nursing women are often tested for iodine because deficiency can have adverse effects on pregnancy and cause developmental difficulties in infants.

Measurement of urinary iodine excretion provides the best index of dietary iodine intake.

Iodine is an essential element that is required for thyroid hormone production.

Monitor exposure to iodine; evaluate for iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), excessive iodine intake, or iodine in the workplace

Iodine is an essential element for thyroid hormone production. It monitors a person’s exposure to iodine and evaluates for iodine deficiency disorders, excessive iodine intake or iodine in the workplace.

Urinary Iodine levels can help determine if a person is getting healthy amounts of iodine from the food they eat.  Unusually high or low levels of iodine can lead to a number of disorders such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

This test is usually ordered when someone has had irregular results from thyroid tests such as TSH, T3 and T4. Pregnant and nursing women are often tested for iodine because deficiency can have adverse effects on pregnancy and cause developmental difficulties in infants.

Ionized Calcium – Arterial measures the active, unbound form of calcium in the bloodstream, providing a real-time assessment of calcium available for critical functions like muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and heart rhythm. Unlike total calcium, it’s unaffected by protein levels and is especially useful in intensive care, surgical, or emergency settings. Abnormal levels may indicate serious conditions such as kidney disease, sepsis, parathyroid disorders, or acid-base imbalances. Because ionized calcium is sensitive to changes in blood pH and must be carefully measured, it’s a key marker in monitoring critically ill patients.

Iron is an essential trace mineral that plays a critical role in oxygen transport, energy production, and immune function. Measured in a hair mineral analysis, iron levels can reflect long-term trends in the body’s mineral status and potential imbalances. Abnormal iron levels—either elevated or decreased—may indicate underlying health concerns.

Iron - the basics:

- Iron is supplied by the diet. 

- As much as 70% of the iron in the body is found in the hemoglobin of the red blood cells (RBCs). 

- The other 30% is stored in the form of ferritin and hemosiderin (=iron-storage complex within cells, not widely available). 

- About 10% of the ingested iron is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the plasma.

- Abnormal levels of iron are characteristic of many diseases, including iron-deficiency anemia and hemochromatosis (=Iron overload). 

Measurements of non-heme, serum iron (Fe) are used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as Fe deficiency anemia, Fe toxicity and acute or chronic hemochromatosis. The most comprehensive assessment of Fe status includes transferrin saturation and ferritin.