Explore 10,000+ laboratory markers, in plain English.

an intermediary metabolite in the serine-to-choline sequence

Glycine/Serine Metabolites

Glycine/Serine Metabolites

Glycine/Serine Metabolites

Glycine/Serine Metabolites

Glycine/Serine Metabolites

Metabolite of serine

Ethanolamine kinase

Metabolite of serine

Ethanolamine, Plasma is a marker measured in an Amino Acid Profile, Quantitative (Plasma) panel, which plays an important role in various bodily functions. Ethanolamine is a key component of phospholipids, which are essential building blocks of cell membranes. This compound is involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, a crucial phospholipid that helps maintain the structural integrity and fluidity of cell membranes. Beyond its structural role, ethanolamine is also involved in cell signaling and neurotransmission, particularly in the central nervous system. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of acetylcholine, a vital neurotransmitter that affects muscle contraction, memory, and learning. Normal levels of ethanolamine in the plasma indicate proper cellular function and membrane stability. Abnormal levels, either too high or too low, can suggest potential issues. Elevated levels might be associated with liver dysfunction or other metabolic disturbances, while low levels could indicate a deficiency in phospholipid metabolism, which might affect cellular health and function. Monitoring ethanolamine levels can provide valuable insights into a person’s metabolic state and help diagnose or manage conditions related to cellular and neurological health.

an estrogen receptor agonist

Ethylmalonate, together with Adipate and Suberate, gives information about your ability to process fatty acids.

Ethylmalonate, together with Adipate and Suberate, gives information about your ability to process fatty acids. Ethylmalonate, which comes from the breakdown of butyrate, has a carnitine-dependent pathway and can accumulate with an insufficient amount of carnitine. Dietary fat, carbohydrate, and protein are all broken down to produce energy using pathways that require vitamin B2 (riboflavin). If you do not have sufficient riboflavin, compounds such as adipate, suberate, and ethylmalonate may increase in urine. What is Carnitine? Carnitine helps your body use fatty acids. The body makes small amounts of carnitine. However, if minimum requirements are not met, carnitine dependent functions fail to proceed normally. Long-chain fatty acids go through beta-oxidation in the mitochondria, which is a carnitine dependent step. If there are inadequate amounts of carnitine, the long-chain fatty acids will get processed outside of the mitochondria; Adipate and suberate are by-products of long-chain fatty acid breakdown outside of the mitochondria.

Metabolite of the omega fatty acid pathway.

What is Ethylmalonic Acid? Ethylmalonic acid (EMA) is an organic acid that appears in urine when certain metabolic pathways are disrupted, particularly those involving fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial energy production. Under normal conditions, the body efficiently breaks down fatty acids to produce energy. However, when this process is impaired, intermediate byproducts—including ethylmalonic acid—can build up and spill into urine. In clinical practice, elevated EMA is considered a marker of mitochondrial stress, impaired fat metabolism, or nutrient deficiencies that affect energy production. Why is Ethylmalonic Acid Measured on an Organic Acids Test? The Organic Acids Test (OAT) is designed to evaluate how well the body is producing and utilizing energy at a cellular level. EMA is included because it is a sensitive indicator of: Fatty acid metabolism – how well the body is breaking down fats for fuel. Mitochondrial function – since mitochondria are responsible for converting fatty acids into usable energy (ATP). Nutrient status – certain vitamins and cofactors are needed for proper fat oxidation; deficiencies may elevate EMA. Possible inborn errors of metabolism – in rare cases, very high EMA may signal genetic conditions affecting energy metabolism. By analyzing EMA along with other organic acids, clinicians can better understand whether symptoms like fatigue, weakness, or developmental issues may be related to underlying energy deficits. Several biological and lifestyle factors can affect EMA results: Nutrient deficiencies – particularly riboflavin (B2) and carnitine Mitochondrial health – genetic or acquired dysfunction Dietary intake – very high-fat diets may stress fat oxidation pathways in vulnerable individuals Oxidative stress – increases metabolic strain on mitochondria Age – mitochondrial efficiency naturally declines with aging Supporting Healthy Ethylmalonic Acid Balance If EMA is elevated, supportive strategies may include: Riboflavin supplementation – correcting vitamin B2 deficiency can normalize fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine support – oral carnitine may help improve fatty acid transport into mitochondria. Mitochondrial nutrients – coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and niacin may enhance energy production. Balanced diet – ensuring adequate but not excessive dietary fat and supporting overall macronutrient balance. Reducing oxidative stress – antioxidants and lifestyle interventions (exercise, sleep, stress management) can protect mitochondria. Because EMA abnormalities may reflect deeper metabolic issues, especially when significantly elevated, results should be interpreted by a healthcare provider in the context of symptoms and other organic acid markers. Key Takeaway Ethylmalonic acid is a key mitochondrial biomarker on the Organic Acids Test (OAT). Elevated levels point to impaired fatty acid metabolism, often related to nutrient deficiencies (riboflavin, carnitine), mitochondrial dysfunction, or—in rare cases—genetic metabolic conditions. Identifying and addressing these issues can improve energy levels, muscle function, and overall cellular health.

Metabolite of the omega fatty acid pathway.