D-arabinitol is a sugar alcohol produced specifically by Candida spp. The majority of the published literature shows a correlation between serum or urinary D-arabinitol levels and systemic invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised individuals. Several articles have suggested that D-arabinitol is a useful marker for diagnosis of candidiasis in this patient population as well as potentially be a prognostic indicator in a broad range of conditions.

D-Arabinitol is a marker for intestinal yeast overgrowth.

Yeast is another class of microbes that can chronically grow in the intestinal tract and cause adverse health effects through the release of toxic metabolites. D-Arabinitol is uniquely produced by intestinal yeast, and the degree of elevation is a useful marker of their growth.

D-arabinitol is produced from dietary carbohydrates when yeasts are rapidly growing in the low oxygen environment of the small intestine.

D-arabinitol is a sugar alcohol produced specifically by Candida spp. The majority of the published literature shows a correlation between serum or urinary D-arabinitol levels and systemic invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised individuals. Several articles have suggested that D-arabinitol is a useful marker for diagnosis of candidiasis in this patient population as well as potentially be a prognostic indicator in a broad range of conditions.

D-Dimer is a protein fragment (small piece) that's made when a blood clot dissolves in your body.

The D-Dimer, Quantitative test is a crucial laboratory tool used primarily to assess the likelihood of clotting disorders such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This test measures the concentration of D-Dimer, a small protein fragment produced when a blood clot dissolves, in the blood. A normal D-Dimer level can help rule out certain clotting disorders in patients with low or moderate risk, while elevated levels may indicate active clot formation and breakdown. However, elevated D-Dimer levels are not specific to thrombosis and can also be seen in other conditions like infection, inflammation, trauma, or cancer. Therefore, interpreting D-Dimer results requires consideration of the patient's overall clinical condition, symptoms, and other diagnostic tests. A high D-Dimer level alone does not confirm thrombosis but suggests the need for further investigation to identify the underlying cause.

The human body attempts to eliminate xenobiotics (foreign organic chemicals) through a concerted effort of enzymatic “functionalization” (phase I) and conjugation (phase II).

Functionalization involves chemical modification of the xenobiotic by the cytochrome P-450 or the “mixed function oxidase” enzyme systems. Once functionalized, the altered xenobiotic can then be conjugated and excreted.

Urinary D-glucaric acid, a hepatic byproduct of enzymatic response to chemical toxins (phase I), is a reliable indicator of exposure to xenobiotics.

D-Lactate is produced by bacteria residing in the colon when carbohydrates are not completely absorbed in the small intestine. This by-product is excreted in the urine.

- Only elevated is of concern. D-lactic acid is generally produced in minimal quantities by human cells. It comes from three sources,

    1. from human methylglyoxal (MGO) pathway (assumed to be the sole source of blood D-lactate in healthy people),

    2. production by gut bacteria (mostly in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS)), and

    3. ingestion of preformed D-lactate.

- The source of D-lactic acid is dependent on the situation. MGO is a precursor of glycation of proteins and DNA, resulting in advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which is associated with increased oxidative stress. MGO is predominantly detoxified by the glyoxalase system (requires glutathione), with the majority going to D-lactate.

The Daily Average Temperature by Dr. Rind refers to a concept related to metabolic health. According to information from Dr. Rind's Center for Health, the average daytime temperature of an individual is influenced by the thyroid mechanism and metabolic health. Typically, an adult with a healthy thyroid and metabolism has an average mid-afternoon temperature around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37.0°C).

Dr. Rind's Metabolic Temperature Graph is used to record and track daily average temperatures, often associated with monitoring metabolic health and thyroid function. It's worth noting that Dr. Rind's methods are utilized in contexts like addressing chronic fatigue syndrome.

The DAO:Histamine ratio helps identify subtle imbalances between histamine levels and DAO enzyme activity. Even if DAO levels are within the normal range, symptoms may still occur if histamine levels are elevated. A low ratio indicates that the amount of DAO is insufficient to manage the histamine present in the body. Treatments aimed at regulating either DAO or histamine levels can help restore balance and improve this ratio.

Elevated antibody levels can be clinically significant — while the antibodies themselves don’t destroy anything, they do trigger an inflammatory response that can cause significant destruction of tissue and resulting symptoms. This response is not necessarily dependent on antibody levels. However, an equivocal result may mean you are just beginning to exhibit an immune reaction, so this is an important time to take measures to support the body in damping immune reactivity.

Detection of gliadin antibodies aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of certain gluten-sensitive enteropathies, such as celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis.

Detection of gliadin antibodies aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of certain gluten-sensitive enteropathies, such as celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis.